aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/arabluatex.dtx
blob: 27f26aeaaf1a5835e7c92ea8ef9e4dc324a7deee (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
% \iffalse meta-comment
% ArabLuaTeX -- Processing ArabTeX notation under LuaLaTeX
% Copyright (C) 2016--2018  Robert Alesssi
%
% Please send error reports and suggestions for improvements to Robert
% Alessi <alessi@robertalessi.net>
%
% This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
% General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this program.  If not, see
% <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
% \fi
%
% \iffalse
%<*driver>
\ProvidesFile{arabluatex.dtx}
%</driver>
%<package-info>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1999/12/01]
%<package-info>\ProvidesPackage{arabluatex}
%<*package-info>
    [2018/06/24 v1.12 An ArabTeX-like interface for LuaLaTeX]
%</package-info>
%
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
% This file is part of the `arabluatex' package
%
% ArabLuaTeX -- Processing ArabTeX notation under LuaLaTeX
% Copyright (C) 2016--2018  Robert Alessi
%
% Please send error reports and suggestions for improvements to Robert
% Alessi <alessi@robertalessi.net>
%
% This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
% General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this program.  If not, see
% <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

@software{pkg:arabtex,
  author =	 {Lagally, Klaus},
  maintainer =	 {Lagally, Klaus},
  title =	 {Arab\TeX},
  indextitle =   {Arab\TeX},
  date =	 {2004-11-03},
  version =	 {4.00},
  url =
    {http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/html/arabtex.htm},
  subtitle =	 {Typesetting Arabic and Hebrew},
  titleaddon =	 {User Manual Version 4.00}
}

@software{pkg:amiri,
  author =	 {Hosny, Khaled},
  maintainer =	 {Hosny, Khaled},
  title =	 {Amiri},
  indextitle =	 {Amiri},
  date =	 {2017-12-13},
  url =		 {http://www.amirifont.org/}
}

@Book{Habash,
  author =	 {Habash, Nizar Y.},
  title =	 {Introduction to Arabic Natural Language Processing},
  year =	 2010,
  series =	 {Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies},
  number =	 10,
  publisher =	 {Morgan \& Claypool Publishers},
  location =	 {Toronto}
}

@MVBook{Wright,
  author =	 {Wright, W. LL.D},
  title =	 {A Grammar of the Arabic Language},
  indextitle =	 {Grammar of the Arabic Language, A},
  year =	 1896,
  editor =	 {Robertson Smith, W. and de Goeje, M. J.},
  editortype =	 {reviser},
  foreword =	 {Cachia, Pierre},
  edition =	 3,
  volumes =	 2,
  pagination =	 {none},
  publisher =	 {Librairie du Liban},
  location =	 {Beirut},
  annote =	 {New impression, 1996}
}

@Manual{din31635,
  label =	 {{DIN 31~635}},
  title =	 {Information and Documentation - Romanization of the
                  Arabic Alphabet for Arabic, Ottoman-Turkish,
                  Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Pushto},
  date =	 {2011-07},
  url =		 {http://www.din.de}
}

@InProceedings{dmg,
  author =	 {Brockelmann, Carl and Fischer, August and Heffening,
                  W. and Taeschner, Franz},
  shorttitle =	 {Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift},
  title =	 {Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift in ihrer
                  Anwendung auf die Hauptliteratursprachen der
                  islamischen Welt},
  indextitle =	 {Transliteration der arabischen Schrift, Die},
  year =	 1935,
  booktitle =	 {Denkschrift dem 19. internationalen
                  Orientalistenkongreß in Rom vorgelegt von der
                  Transkriptionkommission der Deutschen
                  Morgenländischen Gesellschaft},
  editor =	 {van Ronkel, Ph. S. and Spies, Otto},
  editortype =	 {collaborator},
  publisher =	 {Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, in Kommission
                  bei F. A. Brockaus},
  url =
                  {http://www.naher-osten.uni-muenchen.de/studium_lehre/werkzeugkasten/dmgtransliteration.pdf},
  location =	 {Leipzig}
}

@MVBook{Lane,
  author =	 {Lane, Edward William},
  title =	 {An Arabic-English lexicon},
  date =	 {1863/1893},
  indextitle = 	 {Arabic-English Lexicon, An},
  volumes =	 8,
  shorthand = 	 {Lane, \emph{Lexicon}},
  pagination = 	 {none},
  publisher =	 {Williams and Norgate},
  location =	 {London -- Edinburgh}
}
\end{filecontents}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{dox}
\doxitem{Option}{option}{options}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{hologo}
\defaultfontfeatures{RawFeature={+liga}}
\setmainfont{Old Standard}[SmallCapsFont={Latin Modern Roman Caps},
  RawFeature={+mark;+ccmp;+ss05;+ss06}]
\usepackage{newunicodechar}
\newunicodechar{ǧ}{ǧ} % Old Standard does not include ǧ/Ǧ
\newunicodechar{Ǧ}{Ǧ} %
\usepackage{arabluatex}[2018/06/24]
\usepackage[nopar]{quran}
\usepackage[noindex]{nameauth}
\usepackage{varioref}
\usepackage{hyperxmp}
\PassOptionsToPackage{pdfa}{hyperref}
\usepackage{hypdoc}
\usepackage{bookmark}
\usepackage{authblk}
\hypersetup{unicode=true, colorlinks, allcolors=blue,
  linktocpage=true, pdfauthor={Robert Alessi}, pdftitle={The
    arabluatex package}, pdfcontactemail={alessi@robertalessi.net},
  pdfcontacturl={http://www.robertalessi.net/arabluatex},
  pdfcopyright={Copyright (C) 2016--2018 Robert Alessi
    <alessi@robertalessi.net>. This document is licensed under the
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
    License. To view a copy of this license, visit
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to
    Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.},
  pdflicenseurl={https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode},
  pdfmetalang={en-US}, pdftype={Text}, pdfkeywords={Arabic language,
    arabtex, luatex}}
\usepackage[scale=1.5]{ccicons}
\usepackage[lot]{multitoc}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\setlist{nosep}
\setlist[itemize]{label=\textendash}
\setlist[enumerate,1]{label=(\alph*)}
\setlist[enumerate,2]{label=\roman*.}
\newlist{enumabjad}{enumerate}{10}
\setlist[enumabjad]{label={\abjad{\arabic*}}}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{cleveref}
\usepackage{quoting}
\quotingsetup{noorphans, rightmargin=0pt}
\renewcommand*{\quotingfont}{\footnotesize}
\usepackage[position=below]{caption}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[defaultlines=3,all]{nowidow}
\usepackage{needspace}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[breakable, skins, listings, xparse]{tcolorbox}
\DeclareTCBListing{arabluacode}{s O{}}{colback=white, boxrule=.15mm,
  colframe=red!50!white, left=6mm, breakable, listing
  options={style=tcblatex, numbers=left, numberstyle=\tiny},
  IfBooleanTF={#1}{listing side text}{#2}}
\DeclareTCBListing{arabluaverbatim}{}{colback=white, boxrule=.15mm,
  colframe=red!50!white, left=6mm, breakable, listing
  options={style=tcblatex, numbers=left, numberstyle=\tiny}, listing
  only}
\DeclareTotalTCBox{\arabluaverb}{v}{verbatim, colback=white,
    boxrule=.15mm, colframe=red!50!white}{#1}
\DeclareTotalTCBox{\arabluabox}{m}{left=0mm, right=0mm, top=0mm,
    bottom=0mm, colback=white, boxrule=.15mm,
    colframe=red!50!white}{#1}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\newcommand{\package}[1]{\textsf{#1}\index{#1=#1 (package)}}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\DeclareQuoteStyle{arabic}
{\rmfamily\textquotedblright}{\rmfamily\textquotedblleft}
{\rmfamily\textquoteright}{\rmfamily\textquoteleft}
\usepackage[style=authoryear, indexing=cite]{biblatex}
\DeclareIndexFieldFormat{indextitle}{\index{#1=\emph{#1}}}
\addbibresource{arabluatex.bib}
\usepackage{etoc}
\etocsettocdepth{paragraph}
\newcommand{\altableofcontents}{%
  \begingroup
  \etocsetstyle{section}{}{}
  {\etocsavedsectiontocline{%
      \numberline{\etocnumber}\etocname}{\etocpage}}{}
  \etocsetstyle{subsection}{}{}
  {\etocsavedsubsectiontocline{%
      \numberline{\etocnumber}\etocname}{\etocpage}}{}%
  \etocsetstyle{subsubsection}{}{}
  {\etocsavedsubsubsectiontocline{%
      \numberline{\etocnumber}\etocname}{\etocpage}}{}%
  \etocsetstyle{paragraph}{}{\leftskip2cm\rightskip 2.2em \parfillskip
    0pt plus 1fil\relax \nobreak}
  {\noindent\etocname{} \etocpage{} }{\par}%
  \etocmulticolstyle[2]{\section*{Contents}}
  \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{toc}
  \tableofcontents
  \endgroup}
\EnableCrossrefs
\RecordChanges
\CodelineIndex
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{arabluatex.dtx}
  \printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
  \phantomsection
  \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Change History}
  \PrintChanges
  \phantomsection
  \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Index}
  \PrintIndex
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
% \CheckSum{0}
%
% \CharacterTable
%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%
%   \makeatletter
%   \let\org@changes@\changes@
%   \def\my@changes v#1.#2.#3\@nil{%
%   \org@changes@{v#1.\six@digits{#2}.#3=v#1.#2.#3}%
% }%
%   \newcommand*{\six@digits}[1]{%
%   \ifnum#1<100000 0\fi
%   \ifnum#1<10000 0\fi
%   \ifnum#1<1000 0\fi
%   \ifnum#1<100 0\fi
%   \two@digits{#1}%
% }%
%   \renewcommand*{\changes@}[1]{%
%   \my@changes#1.\@nil
% }%
%   \makeatother
%
% \changes{v1.0}{2016/03/29}{Initial release}
% \changes{v1.0.1}{2016/03/31}{Minor update of the documentation}
%
% \DoNotIndex{\newcommand,\newenvironment,\renewcommand}
% \DoNotIndex{\~,\AtBeginDocument,\bgroup,\csname}
% \DoNotIndex{\DeclareDocumentCommand,\def,\edef,\egroup}
% \DoNotIndex{\else,\endcsname,\endinput,\expandafter,\fi}
% \DoNotIndex{\ifdef,\ifdefined,\ifx,\MessageBreak,\NeedsTeXFormat}
% \DoNotIndex{\NewDocumentCommand,\newif,\PackageError,\PackageWarning}
% \DoNotIndex{\relax,\RenewDocumentCommand,\string,\verb,\let}
% \DoNotIndex{\enskip}
% 
% \providecommand*{\url}{\texttt}
% \GetFileInfo{arabluatex.dtx}
% 
% \newcommand*{\NEWfeature}[1]{%
%     \hskip 1sp \marginpar{\small\sffamily\raggedright
%     New feature\\#1}}
% 
% \title{\tcbox[enhanced, tikznode, drop lifted shadow, colback=white,
% boxrule=.25mm]%
% {The \textsf{arabluatex} package\\
% \fileversion\ -- \filedate}}
% 
% \author{Robert Alessi \\
% \href{mailto:alessi@robertalessi.net?Subject=arabluatex}%
% {\texttt{alessi@robertalessi.net}}}
% \date{}
% 
% \maketitle
% \footnotesize
% \altableofcontents
% \listoftables
% \normalsize
% 
% \begin{abstract}
%   This package provides for \hologo{LuaLaTeX} an Arab{\TeX}-like interface
%   to generate Arabic writing from an \textsc{ascii}
%   transliteration. It is particularly well-suited for complex
%   documents such as technical documents or critical editions where a
%   lot of left-to-right commands intertwine with Arabic
%   writing. \package{arabluatex} is able to process any Arab\TeX\
%   input notation. Its output can be set in the same modes of
%   vocalization as Arab\TeX, or in different roman
%   transliterations. It further allows many typographical
%   refinements. It will eventually interact with some other packages
%   yet to come to produce from \verb|.tex| source files, in addition
%   to printed books, \texttt{TEI xml} compliant critical editions
%   and/or lexicons that can be searched, analyzed and correlated in
%   various ways.
% \end{abstract}
%
% \section*{License and disclamer}
% \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{License and disclamer}
% \subsection*{License applicable to the software}
% \label{sec:license-software}
%
% \package{arabluatex} --- Processing Arab\TeX\ notation under Lua\LaTeX.\\
% Copyright \textcopyright\ 2016--2018  Robert Alessi
%
% Please send error reports and suggestions for improvements to Robert
% Alessi:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item email: <\href{mailto:alessi@robertalessi.net?Subject=arabluatex}%
%   {\texttt{alessi@robertalessi.net}}>
% \item website: \url{http://www.robertalessi.net/arabluatex}
% \item development: \url{http://git.robertalessi.net/arabluatex}
% \item comments, feature requests, bug reports:
% \url{https://notabug.org/ralessi/arabluatex/issues}
% \end{itemize}
%
% \marginpar{\texttt{gpl3+}}
% This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
% General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this program.  If not, see
% <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
%
% This release of \package{arabluatex} consists of the following
% source files:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item |arabluatex.ins|
% \item |arabluatex.dtx|
% \item |arabluatex.lua|
% \item |arabluatex_voc.lua|
% \item |arabluatex_fullvoc.lua|
% \item |arabluatex_novoc.lua|
% \item |arabluatex_trans.lua|
% \item |arabluatex.el|
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \subsection*{License applicable to this document}
% \label{sec:documentation-license}
% Copyright \textcopyright\ 2016--2018  Robert Alessi
%
% \ccbysa\marginpar{\texttt{CC BY-SA 4.0}}
% This document is licensed under the Creative Commons
% Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of
% this license, visit
% \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/} or send a
% letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042,
% USA.
%
% \section{Introduction}
% In comparison to Prof. Lagally's outstanding Arab\TeX,\footnote{See
% \url{http://ctan.org/pkg/arabtex}} Arab\hologo{LuaTeX} is at present
% nothing more than a modest piece of software. Hopefully---if I may
% say so---it will eventually provide all of its valuable qualities to
% the \hologo{LuaLaTeX} users.
%
% \package{arabtex} dates back to 1992. As far as I know, it was then
% the first and only way to typeset Arabic texts with \TeX\ and
% \LaTeX. To achieve that, \package{arabtex} provided---and still
% does---an Arabic font in \arb[trans]{\uc{nasxI}} style and a macro
% package that defined its own input notation which was, as the author
% stated, \enquote{both machine, and human, readable, and suited for
% electronic transmission and e-mail
% communication}.\footnote{\textcite[2]{pkg:arabtex}.}  Even if the
% same can be said about Unicode, Arab\TeX\ \textsc{ASCII} input
% notation still surpasses Unicode input, in my opinion, when it comes
% to typesetting complex documents, such as scientific documents or
% critical editions where footnotes and other kind of annotations can
% be particulary abundant. It must also be said that most text editors
% have trouble in displaying Arabic script connected with preceding or
% following \LaTeX\ commands: it often happens that commands seem
% misplaced, not to mention punctuation marks, or opening or closing
% braces, brackets or parentheses that are unexpectedly displayed in
% the wrong direction. Of course, some text editors provide ways to
% get around such difficulties by inserting invisible Unicode
% characters, such as LEFT-TO-RIGHT or RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARKS
% (\texttt{U+200E}, \texttt{U+200F}), RTL/LTR \enquote{embed}
% characters (\texttt{U+202B}, \texttt{U+202A}) and RLO/LRO
% \enquote{bidi-override} characters (\texttt{U+202E},
% \texttt{U+202D}).\footnote{Gáspár Sinai's Yudit probably has the
% best Unicode support. See \url{http://www.yudit.org}.} Nonetheless,
% it remains that inserting all the time these invisible characters in
% complex documents rapidly becomes confusing and cumbersome.
%
% The great advantage of Arab\TeX\ notation is that it is immune from
% all these difficulties, let alone its being clear and
% straightforward. One also must remember that computers are designed
% to process code. Arab\TeX\ notation is a way of encoding Arabic
% language, just as \TeX\ \enquote{mathematics mode} is a way of
% processing code to display mathematics. As such, not only does it
% allow greater control over typographical features, but it also can
% be processed in several different ways: so without going into
% details, depending on one's wishes, Arab\TeX\ input can be full
% vocalized Arabic (\emph{scriptio plena}), vocalized Arabic or
% non-vocalized Arabic (\emph{scriptio defectiva}); it further can be
% transliterated into whichever romanization standard the user may
% choose.
%
% \label{ref:tei-to-come}
% But there may be more to be said on that point, as encoding Arabic
% also naturally encourages the coder to vocalize the texts---without
% compelling him to do so, of course. Accurate coding may even have
% other virtuous effects. For instance, hyphens may be used for tying
% particles or prefixes to words, or to mark inflectional endings, and
% so forth. In other words, accurate coding produces accurate texts
% that can stand to close grammatical scrutiny and to complex textual
% searches as well.
%
% Having that in mind, I started \package{arabluatex}. With the help
% of Lua, it will eventually interact with some other packages yet to
% come to produce from \verb|.tex| source files, in addition to
% printed books, \texttt{TEI xml} compliant critical editions and/or
% lexicons that can be searched, analyzed and correlated in various
% ways.
%
%\subsection{\package{arabluatex} is for \hologo{LuaLaTeX}}
% It goes without saying that \package{arabluatex} requires
% \hologo{LuaLaTeX}. \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ have \package{arabtex}, and
% \hologo{XeLaTeX} has \package{arabxetex}. Both of them are much more
% advanced than \package{arabluatex}, as they can process a number of
% different languages,\footnote{\label{fn:arabtex-languages}To date,
% both packages support Arabic, Maghribi, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi,
% Kashmiri, Uighuric and Old Malay; in addition to these,
% \package{arabtex} also has a Hebrew mode, including Judeo-Arabic and
% Yiddish.} whereas \package{arabluatex} can process only Arabic for
% the time being. More languages will be included in future releases
% of \package{arabluatex}.
%
% In comparison to \package{arabxetex}, \package{arabluatex} works in
% a very different way. The former relies on the
% \href{http://scripts.sil.org/TECkitIntro}{\texttt{TECkit}} engine
% which converts Arab\TeX\ input on the fly into Unicode Arabic
% script, whereas the latter passes Arab\TeX\ input on to a set of Lua
% functions. At first, \LaTeX\ commands are taken care of in different
% ways: some, as \cs{emph}, \cs{textbf} and the like are expected to
% have Arabic text as arguments, while others, as \cs{LR}, for
% \enquote{left-to-right text}, are not. Then, once what is Arabic is
% carefully separated form what is not, it is processed by other Lua
% functions which rely on different sets of correpondence tables to do
% the actual conversion in accordance with one's wishes. Finally, Lua
% returns to \TeX\ the converted strings---which may in turn contain
% some other Arab\TeX\ input yet to be processed---for further
% processing.
%
% \section{The basics of \package{arabluatex}}
% \subsection{Activating \package{arabluatex}}
% \package{arabluatex} is loaded the usual way:\\
% \arabluaverb{\usepackage{arabluatex}}\\
% The only requirement of \package{arabluatex} is \hologo{LuaLaTeX};
% it will complain if the document is compiled with another
% engine. That aside, \package{arabluatex} does not load packages such
% as \package{polyglossia}. Although it can work with
% \package{polyglossia}, it does not require it.
%
% \paragraph{Font setup}
% Any Arabic font can be defined to be used with
% \package{arabluatex}. For example, assuming that \package{fontspec}
% is loaded, this line may be inserted in the preamble, just above the
% line that loads \package{arabluatex}:
% \arabluabox{\cs{newfontfamily}\cs{arabicfont}\marg{fontname}[Script=Arabic]}
% \noindent where \meta{fontname} is the standard name of the Arabic
% font to be used.
%
% By default, if no Arabic font is selected, \package{arabluatex} will
% issue a warning message and attempt to load the Amiri
% font\footnote{\textcite{pkg:amiri}.} like so:---\\
% \arabluaverb{\newfontfamily\arabicfont{Amiri}[Script=Arabic]}
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.} By default Amiri places the \arb[trans]{kasraT} in
%   combination with the \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} below the consonant,
%   like so: \arb{BBi}\,. That is correct, as at least in the oldest
%   manuscripts {\renewfontfamily\arabicfont{Amiri}[Script=Arabic,
%   RawFeature={+ss05}]\arb{BBi}} may stand for \arb{BBa} as
%   well as \arb{BBi}\,. See \textcite[i. 14 C--D]{Wright}. The placement
%   of the \arb[trans]{kasraT} above the consonant may be obtained by
%   selecting the |ss05| feature of the Amiri font, like
%   so:---\footnote{See the documentation of \package{amiri},
%   \textcite[6]{pkg:amiri}.}\\
%   \arabluaverb{\newfontfamily\arabicfont{Amiri}[Script=Arabic,RawFeature={+ss05}]}
%
%   Other Arabic fonts may behave differently.
% \end{quoting}
%
% \subsection{Options}
% \label{sec:options}
% \package{arabluatex} may be loaded with five global options, the
% first four of which are mutually exclusive and may be overriden at
% any point of the document (see below \vref{sec:local-options}):
% 
% \DescribeOption{voc}\hfill\arabluaverb{default}\\ In this mode,
% which is the one selected by default, every short vowel written
% generates its corresponding diacritical mark: \arb[trans]{.dammaT}
% (\arb{Bu}), \arb[trans]{fat.haT} (\arb{Ba}) and \arb[trans]{kasraT}
% (\arb{Bi}). If a vowel is followed by |N|, viz. \meta{uN, aN, iN},
% then the corresponding \arb[trans]{tanwIn} (\arb{BuN}, \arb{B|aN}\,,
% \arb{TaN}, \arb{BaN_A} or \arb{BiN}) is generated. Finally, \meta{u,
% a, i} at the commencement of a word indicate a \enquote{connective
% \arb[trans]{'alif}\,} (\arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli}), but |voc|
% mode does not show the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT} above the
% \arb[trans]{'alif}; instead, the accompanying vowel may be expressed
% at the beginning of a sentence (\arb{u} \arb{a} \arb{i}).
%
% \DescribeOption{fullvoc}\\ \label{fullvoc-mode}In addition to what
% the |voc| mode does, |fullvoc| expresses the \arb[trans]{sukUn} and
% the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT}.
%
% \DescribeOption{novoc}\\ None of the diacritics is showed in |novoc|
% mode, unless otherwise specified (see \enquote{quoting} technique
% below \vref{sec:quoting}).
%
% \DescribeOption{trans} \\ \label{ref:describe-trans}This mode
% transliterates the Arab\TeX\ input into one of the accepted
% standards. At present, three standards are supported (see below
% \vref{sec:transliteration} for more details):
% \begin{description}
% \item[dmg] \emph{Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft}, which is
%   selected by default;
% \item[loc] \emph{Library of Congress};
% \item[arabica] \emph{Arabica}.
% \end{description}
% More standards will be included in future releases of
% \package{arabluatex}.
%
% \DescribeOption{export} |export|$=$|true|\verb+|+|false|
% \hfill\arabluaverb{default: false}\\ \label{export-mode}
% \NEWfeature{v.1.13} This option acts as a named argument and does
% not need a value as it defaults to |true| if it is used. It enables
% \package{arabluatex} to produce a duplicate of the original |.tex|
% source file in which all \textsc{ascii} strings are replaced with
% Unicode equivalents. See below \vref{sec:arabtex2utf} for more
% information.
% 
% \subsubsection{Classic contrasted with modern typesetting of Arabic}
% \label{sec:classic-modern-typesetting}
% \NEWfeature{v.1.2} By default, \package{arabluatex} typesets Arabic
% in a classic, traditional style the most prominent features of which
% are the following:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item \enquote*{Classic} \arb[trans]{maddaT}: when
% \arb[trans]{'alif} and \arb[trans]{hamzaT} accompanied by a simple
% vowel or \arb[trans]{tanwIn} is preceded by an \arb[trans]{'alif} of
% prolongation (\arb[voc]{BA}), then a mere \arb[trans]{hamzaT} is
% written on the line, and a \arb[trans]{maddaT} is placed over the
% \arb[trans]{'alif}, like so:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |samA'uN| \arb[voc]{samA'uN} \arb[trans]{samA'uN}, |jA'a|
%   \arb[voc]{jA'a} \arb[trans]{jA'a}, |yatasA'alUna|
%   \arb[voc]{yatasA'alUna} \arb[trans]{yatasA'alUna}\footnote{Note
%   that in old mss. such forms as \arb[voc]{samA"'a"'a},
%   \arb[voc]{jA"'a"'a} are also found; see \textcite[i. 24
%   D]{Wright}.} (see \vpageref{ref:madda} for further details).
% \end{quote}
% \item The euphonic \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} is generated (see
%   \vpageref{ref:euphonic-tashdid}).
% \item In |fullvoc| mode, the \arb[trans]{sukUn} is expressed.
% \item In such words as \arb{^say'aN}, \arb{.zim'aN} and the like,
%   the \arb[trans]{hamzaT} alone is not written over the letter
%   \arb[trans]{yA'} with no diacritical points below as in
%   \arb{^sayy"'aN}, \arb{.zimy"'aN}, but over a horizontal stroke
%   placed in the continuation of the preceding letter. %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
Please note that only few Arabic fonts provide such contrivances. In
case this feature is not supported by some Arabic font, it is
advisable to use \cs{SetArbEasy}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \DescribeMacro{\SetArbEasy} \NEWfeature{v1.4.4} Such refinements as
% \enquote*{classic} \arb[trans]{maddaT} may be discarded by the
% \cs{SetArbEasy} command, either globally in the preamble or locally
% at any point of the document. The difference between \cs{SetArbEasy}
% and its \enquote*{starred} version
% \DescribeMacro{\SetArbEasy*}\cs{SetArbEasy*} is that the former
% keeps the \arb[trans]{sukUn} that is generated by the |fullvoc|
% mode, while the latter further takes it away. Default
% \enquote*{classic} rules may be set back at any point of the
% document with the \DescribeMacro{\SetArbDflt}\cs{SetArbDflt}
% command. \NEWfeature{v1.6} \DescribeMacro{\SetArbDflt*}Assimilation
% rules laid on \vref{ref:assimilation} may also be applied by the
% \enquote*{starred} version of this command \cs{SetArbDflt*} either
% in the preamble or at any point of the document.\footnote{For an
% example, see \vref{sec:poetry-example}.} Examples follow:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item \cs{SetArbDflt}:
%   \begin{enumerate}
%   \item |voc| \arb[voc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |fullvoc| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |trans| \arb[trans]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \end{enumerate}
% \item \cs{SetArbDflt*}:
%   \begin{enumerate}\SetArbDflt*
%   \item |voc| \arb[voc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |fullvoc| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |trans| \arb[trans]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}\SetArbDflt
%   \end{enumerate}
% \item \cs{SetArbEasy}:
%   \begin{enumerate}\SetArbEasy
%   \item |voc| \arb[voc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |fullvoc| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |trans| \arb[trans]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}\SetArbDflt
%   \end{enumerate}
% \item \cs{SetArbEasy*}:
%   \begin{enumerate}\SetArbEasy*
%   \item |voc| \arb[voc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |fullvoc| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}
%   \item |trans| \arb[trans]{wa-mAta istisqA'aN qabla 'an yutimma
%     kitAba-hu fI nujUm-i 'l-samA'-i}\SetArbDflt
%   \end{enumerate}
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
Please note that this document is typeset with \cs{SetArbDflt} throughout.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
%\subsection{Typing Arabic}
% \DescribeMacro{\arb} Once \package{arabluatex} is loaded, a
% \cs{arb}\marg{Arabic text} command is available for inserting Arabic
% text in paragraphs, like so:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
From \textcite[i. 1 A]{Wright}:--- Arabic, like Hebrew and
Syriac, is written and read from right to left. The letters
of the alphabet (\arb{.hurUf-u 'l-hijA'-i}, \arb{.hurUf-u
'l-tahajjI}, \arb{al-.hurUf-u 'l-hijA'iyyaT-u}, or
\arb{.hurUf-u 'l-mu`jam-i}) are twenty-eight in number and
are all consonants, though three of them are also used as
vowels (see §~3).
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \paragraph{Caveat}
% For some reason, left-to-right paragraphs that start with Arabic
% words lose their indentation. For the time being, this can be
% circumvented by appending the \cs{indent} command at the
% commencement of such paragraphs.
%
% \label{ref:ltr-lists}%
% The same remark applies to left-to-right list environments: when
% items start with Arabic words, the \cs{arb} command must be prefixed
% with \cs{indent}. The following example comes from \textcite[i. 213
% C]{Wright}:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \begin{enumerate}[label=\Roman*., start=16]
  \item \indent\arb{fawA`ilu}*.
    \begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*.]
    \item \indent\arb{fA`aluN}; as \arb{_hAtamuN} \emph{a
        signet-ring}, ...
    \end{enumerate}
  \end{enumerate}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \DescribeEnv{arab} Running paragraphs of Arabic text should rather
% be placed inside an \emph{Arabic environment}
% 
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  \begin{arab}
  [...]
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% like so:---\label{ref:juha-code}
% \setquotestyle{arabic}
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
 \begin{arab}
   'at_A .sadIquN 'il_A ju.hA ya.tlubu min-hu .himAra-hu
   li-yarkaba-hu fI safraTiN qa.sIraTiN fa-qAla la-hu:
   \enquote{sawfa 'u`Idu-hu 'ilay-ka fI 'l-masA'-i
   wa-'adfa`u la-ka 'ujraTaN.} fa-qAla ju.hA:
   \enquote{'anA 'AsifuN jiddaN 'annI lA 'asta.tI`u 'an
   'u.haqqiqa la-ka ra.gbata-ka fa-'l-.himAr-u laysa hunA
   'l-yawm-a.}  wa-qabla 'an yutimma ju.hA kalAma-hu bada'a
   'l-.himAr-u yanhaqu fI 'i.s.tabli-hi. fa-qAla la-hu
   .sadIqu-hu: \enquote{'innI 'asma`u .himAra-ka yA ju.hA
   yanhaqu.} fa-qAla la-hu ju.hA: \enquote{.garIbuN
   'amru-ka yA .sadIqI 'a-tu.saddiqu 'l-.himAr-a
   wa-tuka_d_diba-nI?}
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \setquotestyle{english}
%
% \subsubsection{Local options}
% \label{sec:local-options}
% As seen above in \vref{sec:options}, \package{arabluatex} may be
% loaded with four mutually exclusive global options: |voc| (which is
% the default option), |fullvoc|, |novoc| and |trans|. Whatever choice
% has been made globally, it may be overriden at any point of the
% document, as the \cs{arb} command may take any of the |voc|,
% |fullvoc|, |novoc| or |trans| modes as optional argument, like
% so:---
% \begin{itemize}
% \item \DescribeOption{voc} \cs{arb}|[voc]|\marg{Arabic text};
% \item \DescribeOption{fullvoc} \cs{arb}|[fullvoc]|\marg{Arabic text};
% \item \DescribeOption{novoc} \cs{arb}|[novoc]|\marg{Arabic text};
% \item \DescribeOption{trans} \cs{arb}|[trans]|\marg{Arabic text}.
% \end{itemize}
%
% The same optional arguments may be passed to the environment |arab|:
% one may have \cs{begin}|{arab}|\oarg{mode}|...|\cs{end}|{arab}|,
% where \meta{mode} may be any of |voc|, |fullvoc|, |novoc| or
% |trans|.
%
%\section{Standard Arab\TeX\ input}
%\subsection{Consonants}
% \Cref{tab:arabtex-consonants} gives the Arab\TeX\ equivalents for
% all of the Arabic consonants.
%
% \needspace{7\baselineskip}
% \newcommand{\dmg}[1]{%
%   \SetTranslitConvention{dmg}%
%   \arb[trans]{#1}}
% \newcommand{\loc}[1]{%
%   \SetTranslitConvention{loc}%
%   \arb[trans]{#1}\SetTranslitConvention{dmg}}
% \newcommand{\brill}[1]{%
%   \SetTranslitConvention{arabica}%
%   \arb[trans]{#1}\SetTranslitConvention{dmg}}
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:arabtex-consonants}: Standard Arab\TeX\
% (consonants)}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Arab\TeX\ consonants}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endhead \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:arabtex-consonants}
% \arb[voc]{'i 'a 'u}\footnote{See below, \emph{Rem{.} a.} For
% \arb[trans]{'alif} as a consonant, see \textcite[i. 16
% D]{Wright}. The \arb[trans]{hamzaT} itself is encoded \texttt{<'>}
% and may be followed by either \meta{u, a} or \meta{i}. See below
% \vref{ref:hamza}.} & \dmg{'u 'a 'i} &
% \loc{|'u, |'a, |'i} & \brill{|'u, |'a, |'i} & |'u| or |'a| or |'i| \\
% \arb[novoc]{b} & \dmg{b} & \loc{b} & \brill{b} & |b| \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb[novoc]{t} & \dmg{t} & \loc{t} & \brill{t} & |t| \\
% \arb[novoc]{_t} & \dmg{_t} & \loc{_t} & \brill{_t} & |_t| \\
% \arb[novoc]{j} & \dmg{j} & \loc{j} & \brill{j} & |^g| or |j| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.h} & \dmg{.h} & \loc{.h} & \brill{.h} & |.h| \\
% \arb[novoc]{x} & \dmg{x} & \loc{x} & \brill{x} & |_h| or |x|\\
% \arb[novoc]{d} & \dmg{d} & \loc{d} & \brill{d} & |d| \\
% \arb[novoc]{_d} & \dmg{_d} & \loc{_d} & \brill{_d} & |_d| \\
% \arb[novoc]{r} & \dmg{r} & \loc{r} & \brill{r} & |r| \\
% \arb[novoc]{z} & \dmg{z} & \loc{z} & \brill{z} & |z| \\
% \arb[novoc]{s} & \dmg{s} & \loc{s} & \brill{s} & |s| \\
% \arb[novoc]{^s} & \dmg{^s} & \loc{^s} & \brill{^s} & |^s| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.s} & \dmg{.s} & \loc{.s} & \brill{.s} & |.s| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.d} & \dmg{.d} & \loc{.d} & \brill{.d} & |.d| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.t} & \dmg{.t} & \loc{.t} & \brill{.t} & |.t| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.z} & \dmg{.z} & \loc{.z} & \brill{.z} & |.z| \\
% \arb[novoc]{`} & \dmg{`} & \loc{`} & \brill{`} & |`| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.g} & \dmg{.g} & \loc{.g} & \brill{.g} & |.g| \\
% \arb[novoc]{f} & \dmg{f} & \loc{f} & \brill{f} & |f| \\
% \arb[novoc]{q} & \dmg{q} & \loc{q} & \brill{q} & |q| \\
% \arb[novoc]{k} & \dmg{k} & \loc{k} & \brill{k} & |k| \\
% \arb[novoc]{l} & \dmg{l} & \loc{l} & \brill{l} & |l| \\
% \arb[novoc]{m} & \dmg{m} & \loc{m} & \brill{m} & |m| \\
% \arb[novoc]{n} & \dmg{n} & \loc{n} & \brill{n} & |n| \\
% \arb[novoc]{h} & \dmg{h} & \loc{h} & \brill{h} & |h| \\
% \arb[novoc]{w} & \dmg{w} & \loc{w} & \brill{w} & |w| \\
% \arb[novoc]{y} & \dmg{y} & \loc{y} & \brill{y} & |y|\footnote{For
% the letter \arb[novoc]{.y} with no diacritical points below, see
% \emph{Rem{.} b.} below.} \\
% \arb[novoc]{T} & \dmg{aT} & \loc{aT} & \brill{aT} & |T| \\
% \end{longtable}
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{a.} Please note that in all cases of elision,
%   the \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} is expressed only by the vowel
%   that accompanies the omitted \arb[trans]{hamzaT}: \meta{u, a, i}
%   as in |wa-inhazama| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-inhazama}
%   \arb[trans]{wa-inhazama}. For more details on the definite article
%   and the \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} see
%   \vref{ref:definite-article}.
%
%   That said, \arb{.A} as a consonant is actually the \emph{spiritus
%   lenis} of the Greeks and is distinguished by the
%   \arb[trans]{hamzaT} \arb[novoc]{(|"')} as it is shown in the above
%   table. However, the bare \arb[trans]{'alif} may also be encoded as
%   |.A| whether it be followed by a vowel or not, like so: |wa-.An|
%   \arb{wa-.An} \arb[trans]{wa-.An} (where the dot symbolizes the
%   absence of vowel), |wa-.Aan| \arb{wa-.Aan} \arb[trans]{wa-.Aan},
%   |wa-.Ain| \arb{wa-.Ain} \arb[trans]{wa-.Ain}.
%   
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{b.} The letter \arb[novoc]{y} with two points
%   below, \arb{al-yA'u 'l-mu_tannATu min ta.hti-hA}, may also be
%   written without diacritical points as \arb[novoc]{Y}. When it is
%   used as a consonant, it is encoded |aY|, where |a| recalls the
%   \arb[trans]{fat.haT} placed above the preceding letter in
%   vocalized Arabic, like so: |qaY'uN| \arb{qaY'uN}
%   \arb[trans]{qaY'uN}, |^saY'uN| \arb{^saY'uN} \arb[trans]{^saY'uN},
%   |^saY'aN| \arb[trans]{^saY'aN} \arb{^saY'aN}.
%
%   The same result may be achieved by encoding this letter as |.y|,
%   like so: |qa.y'uN| \arb{qa.y'uN} \arb[trans]{qa.y'uN}, |^sa.y'uN|
%   \arb{^sa.y'uN} \arb[trans]{^sa.y'uN}, |^sa.y'aN|
%   \arb[trans]{^sa.y'aN} \arb{^sa.y'aN}.
% \end{quoting}
%
% \subsection{Additional characters}
% \changes{v1.8.5}{2017/06/20}{Six additional Persian characters are
% now available}
% \NEWfeature{v1.8.5}\Cref{tab:arabtex-additional-characters} gives
% the Arab\TeX\ equivalents for some additional Persian characters.
% 
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:arabtex-additional-characters}: Standard
% Arab\TeX\ (additional characters)}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Arab\TeX\ additional characters}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica}\footnotemark
%        & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endhead
% \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}
% \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \stepcounter{footnote}
% \footnotetext{The characters that are listed in this table are not
% included in this standard. However, as \texttt{arabica} is based on
% \texttt{dmg}, the \texttt{dmg} equivalents have been used here.}
% \label{tab:arabtex-additional-characters}
% \hskip-1em\arb[novoc]{p} & \dmg{p} & \loc{p} & \brill{p} & \verb|p| \\
% \arb[novoc]{^c} & \dmg{^c} & \loc{^c} & \brill{^c} & \verb|^c| \\
% \arb[novoc]{^z} & \dmg{^z} & \loc{^z} & \brill{^z} & \verb|^z| \\
% \arb[novoc]{v}\footnote{\label{fn:not-in-dmg}This character is not found in
% \textcite[2]{dmg}. It is taken from the \textcite{din31635} standard.} &
% \dmg{v} & \loc{v} & \brill{v} & \verb|v| \\
% \arb[novoc]{g} & \dmg{g} & \loc{g} & \brill{g} & \verb|g| \\
% \arb[novoc]{^n}\footnote{See \cref{fn:not-in-dmg}.} & \dmg{^n} &
% \loc{^n} & \brill{^n} & \verb|^n| \\
% \end{longtable}
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.} The alveolar consonants \arb[novoc]{^c} and
%   \arb[novoc]{^z} are processed as solar letters by
%   \package{arabluatex}.
% \end{quoting}
% 
% \subsection{Vowels}
% \subsubsection{Long vowels}
% \Cref{tab:arabtex-long-vowels} gives the Arab\TeX\ equivalents for
% the Arabic long vowels.
%
% \needspace{7\baselineskip}
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:arabtex-long-vowels}: Standard Arab\TeX\ (long
% vowels)}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Arab\TeX\ long vowels}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endhead \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:arabtex-long-vowels}
% \arb[novoc]{A} & \dmg{A} & \loc{A} & \brill{A} & \verb|A| \\
% \arb[novoc]{U} & \dmg{U} & \loc{U} & \brill{U} & \verb|U| \\
% \arb[novoc]{I} & \dmg{I} & \loc{I} & \brill{I} &
% \verb|I|\footnote{For the letter \arb[novoc]{I} with no diacritical
% points, see \emph{Rem{.} c.} below.} \\
% \arb[novoc]{_A}\footnote{$=$ \arb[trans]{al-'alif-u 'l-maq.sUraT-u}.}
%            & \dmg{_A} & \loc{_A} & \brill{_A} & \verb|_A| or \verb|Y| \\
% \arb[novoc]{B_a} & \dmg{B_a} & \loc{B_a} & \brill{B_a} & \verb|_a| \\
% \arb[novoc]{B_u} & \dmg{B_u} & \loc{B_u} & \brill{B_u} & \verb|_u| \\
% \arb[novoc]{B_i} & \dmg{B_i} & \loc{B_i} & \brill{B_i} & \verb|_i| \\
% \end{longtable}
%
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{a.} The long vowels \arb[trans]{A, U, I},
%   otherwise called \arb[trans]{.hurUf-u 'l-madd-i}, \emph{the
%   letters of prolongation}, involve the placing of the short vowels
%   \arb[trans]{Ba, Bu, Bi} before the letters \arb[novoc]{A},
%   \arb[novoc]{U}, \arb[novoc]{I} respectively. \package{arabluatex}
%   does that automatically in case any from |voc|, |fullvoc| or
%   |trans| modes is selected e.g. \arb[voc]{qAla} \arb[trans]{qAla},
%   \arb[voc]{qIla} \arb[trans]{qIla}, \arb[voc]{yaqUlu}
%   \arb[trans]{yaqUlu}.
%
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{b.} Defective writings, such as
%   \arb[novoc]{B_a}, \arb[trans]{al-'alif-u 'l-ma.h_dUfaT-u}, or
%   defective writings of \arb[trans]{B_u} and \arb[trans]{B_i} are
%   encoded |_a| |_u| and |_i| respectively, e.g. |_d_alika|
%   \arb[voc]{_d_alika}, |al-mal_a'ikaT-u| |'l-ra.hm_an-u|
%   \arb[voc]{al-mal_a'ikaT-u 'l-ra.hm_an-u}, |.hu_dayfaT-u| |bn-u|
%   |'l-yamAn_i| \arb[fullvoc]{.hu_dayfaT-u bn-u 'l-yamAn_i} for
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{.hu_dayfaT-u} bn-u 'l-\uc{yamAn_i}}, etc.
%
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{c.} The letter \arb[novoc]{y} with two points
%   below, \arb{al-yA'u 'l-mu_tannATu min ta.hti-hA}, may also be
%   written without diacritical points as \arb[novoc]{Y}. When it is
%   used as a long vowel, it is encoded |iY|, where |i| recalls the
%   \arb[trans]{kasraT} placed below the preceding letter in vocalized
%   Arabic, like so: |liY| \arb{liY} \arb[trans]{liY}, |yam^siY|
%   \arb{yam^siY} \arb[trans]{yam^siY}.
% \end{quoting}
% 
% \subsubsection{Short vowels}
% \Cref{tab:arabtex-short-vowels} gives the Arab\TeX\ equivalents for
% the Arabic short vowels.
% 
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:arabtex-short-vowels}: Standard Arab\TeX\
% (short vowels)}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Arab\TeX\ short vowels}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endhead \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:arabtex-short-vowels}
% \arb[voc]{Ba} & \dmg{Ba} & \loc{Ba} & \brill{Ba} & \verb|a| \\
% \arb[voc]{Bu} & \dmg{Bu} & \loc{Bu} & \brill{Bu} & \verb|u| \\
% \arb[voc]{Bi} & \dmg{Bi} & \loc{Bi} & \brill{Bi} & \verb|i| \\
% \arb[voc]{BaN} & \dmg{BaN} & \loc{BaN} & \brill{BaN} & \verb|aN| \\
% \arb[voc]{BuN} & \dmg{BuN} & \loc{BuN} & \brill{BuN} & \verb|uN| \\
% \arb[voc]{BiN} & \dmg{BiN} & \loc{BiN} & \brill{BiN} & \verb|iN| \\
% \end{longtable}
%
% Whether Arabic texts be vocalized or not is essentially a matter of
% personal choice. So one may use |voc| mode and decide not to write
% vowels except at some particular places for disambiguation purposes,
% or use |novoc| mode, not write vowels---as |novoc| normally does not
% show them---except, again,  where disambiguation is needed.\footnote{See
% below \vref{sec:quoting}.}
%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  However, it may be wise to always write the vowels, leaving to the
  various modes provided by \package{arabluatex} to take care of
  showing or not showing the vowels.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% That said, there is no need to write the short vowels
% \arb[trans]{fat.haT}, \arb[trans]{.dammaT} or \arb[trans]{kasraT}
% except in the following cases:---
% \begin{itemize}
% \item at the commencement of a word, to indicate that a connective
% \arb[trans]{'alif} is needed, with the exception of the article (see
% below \vref{sec:quoting});
% \item when \package{arabluatex} needs to perform a contextual
%   analysis to determine the carrier of the \arb[trans]{hamzaT};
% \item in the various transliteration modes, as vowels are always
% expressed  in romanized Arabic.
% \end{itemize}
%
%\section{\package{arabluatex} in action}
%\subsection{The vowels and diphthongs}
% \paragraph{Short vowels} As said above, they are written \meta{a, u,
% i}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |_halaqa| (or |xalaqa|) \arb[voc]{xalaqa} \arb[trans]{xalaqa},
%   |^samsuN| \arb[voc]{^samsuN} \arb[trans]{^samsuN}, |karImuN|
%   \arb[voc]{karImuN} \arb[trans]{\uc{karImuN}}.
%
%   |bi-hi| \arb[voc]{bi-hi} \arb[trans]{bi-hi}, |'aqi.tuN|
%   \arb[voc]{'aqi.tuN} \arb[trans]{'aqi.tuN}.
%
%   |la-hu| \arb[voc]{la-hu} \arb[trans]{la-hu}, |.hujjaTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{.hujjaTuN} \arb[trans]{.hujjaTuN}.
% \end{quote}
%
%\paragraph{Long vowels} They are written \meta{U, A, I}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |qAla| \arb[voc]{qAla} \arb[trans]{qAla}, |bI`a| \arb[voc]{bI`a}
%   \arb[trans]{bI`a}, |.tUruN| \arb[voc]{.tUruN} \arb[trans]{.tUruN},
%   |.tInuN| \arb[voc]{.tInuN} \arb[trans]{.tInuN}, |murU'aTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{murU'aTuN} \arb[trans]{murU'aTuN}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{'alif maq.sUraT}}{ʾalif
% maqṣūrah}} It is written \meta{\_A} or \meta{Y}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |al-fat_A| \arb[voc]{al-fat_A} \arb[trans]{al-fat_A}, |al-maqh_A|
%   \arb[voc]{al-maqh_A} \arb[trans]{al-maqh_A}, |'il_A|
%   \arb[voc]{'il_A} \arb[trans]{'il_A}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{'alif} \emph{otiosum}}{ʾalif
% otiosum}} Said \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wiqAyaT-i}, \enquote{the
% guarding \arb[trans]{'alif}}\,, after \arb[novoc]{U} at the end of a
% word, both when preceded by \arb[trans]{.dammaT} and by
% \arb[trans]{fat.haT} is written \meta{UA} or \meta{aW, aWA}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |na.sarUA| \arb[voc]{na.sarUA} \arb[trans]{na.sarUA}, |katabUA|
%   \arb[voc]{katabUA} \arb[trans]{katabUA}, |ya.gzUA|
%   \arb[voc]{ya.gzUA} \arb[trans]{ya.gzUA}, |ramaW|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{ramaW} \arb[trans]{ramaW}, |banaWA|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{banaWA}, \arb[trans]{banaWA}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{'alif ma.h_dUfaT} and
% defective \arb[trans]{U, I}}{ʾalif maḥḏūfah and defective ū, ī}}
% They are written \meta{\_a, \_i \_u}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |al-l_ah-u| \arb[voc]{al-l_ah-u} \arb[trans]{al-l_ah-u},
%   |'il_ahuN| \arb[voc]{'il_ahuN} \arb[trans]{'il_ahuN}.
%
%   |al-ra.hm_an-u| \arb[voc]{al-ra.hm_an-u}
%   \arb[trans]{al-ra.hm_an-u}, |l_akin| \arb[voc]{l_akin}
%   \arb[trans]{l_akin}, |h_ahunA| \arb[voc]{h_ahunA}
%   \arb[trans]{h_ahunA}, |.hunayn-u| |bn-u| |'is.h_aq-a|
%   \arb[voc]{.hunayn-u bn-u 'is.h_aq-a} \arb[trans]{\uc{.hunayn}-u
%   bn-u \uc{'is.h_aq-a}}, |rabb_i| \arb[voc]{rabb_i}
%   \arb[trans]{rabb_i}, |al-`A.s_i| \arb[voc]{al-`A.s_i}
%   \arb[trans]{al-\uc{`A.s_i}}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{Silent
% \arb[novoc]{U}/\arb[novoc]{I}}{Silent ي/و}}
% Some words ending with \arb[voc]{BAT} are usually written
% \arb[voc]{BawT} or \arb[voc]{B_aUT} instead of \arb[voc]{BAT}: see
% \textcite[i. 12 A]{Wright}. \package{arabluatex} preserves that
% particular writing; the same applies to words ending in
% \arb[voc]{BayT} for \arb[voc]{BAT}\,. Long vowels \meta{U, I} shall
% receive no \arb[trans]{sukUn} after a \arb[trans]{'alif ma.h_dUfaT}
% and are discarded in |trans| mode:
% \begin{quote}
%   |.hay_aUTuN| \arb[voc]{.hay_aUTuN} \arb[trans]{.hay_aUTuN},
%   |.sal_aUTuN| \arb[voc]{.sal_aUTuN} \arb[trans]{.sal_aUTuN},
%   |mi^sk_aUTuN| \arb[voc]{mi^sk_aUTuN} \arb[trans]{mi^s\-k_aUTuN},
%   |tawr_aITuN| \arb[voc]{tawr_aITuN} \arb[trans]{tawr_aITuN}.
%
%   And so also: |al-rib_aIT-u| \arb[voc]{al-rib_aIT-u}
%   \arb[trans]{al-rib_aIT-u}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{\uc{`amruNU}}, and the silent
% \arb[novoc]{U}}{ʿAmrun, and the silent و}} To that name a silent
% \arb[novoc]{U} is added to distinguish it from
% \arb[trans]{\uc{`umar-u}}: see \textcite[i. 12 C]{Wright}. In no way
% this affects the sound of the \arb[trans]{tanwIn}, so it has to be
% discarded in |trans| mode:
% \begin{quote}
%   |`amruNU| \arb[voc]{`amruNU} \arb[trans]{`amruNU}, |`amraNU|
%   \arb[voc]{`amraNU} \arb[trans]{`amraNU}, |`amriNU|
%   \arb[voc]{`amriNU} \arb[trans]{`amriNU}.
%
%   When the \arb[trans]{tanwIn} falls away \parencite[i.  249
%   B]{Wright}: |`amr-uU| |bn-u| |mu.hammadiN| \arb[fullvoc]{`amr-uU
%   bnu mu.hammadiN} \arb[trans]{\uc{`amr-uU} bn-u
%   \uc{mu.hammadiN}}, |mu.hammad-u| |bn-u| |`amr-iU| |bn-i|
%   |_hAlidiN| \arb[fullvoc]{mu.hammad-u bn-u `amr-iU bn-i _hAlidiN}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{mu.hammad-u} bn-u \uc{`amr-iU} bn-i
%   \uc{_hAlidiN}}.
%
%   And so also: |al-rib_aUA| \arb[voc]{al-rib_aUA}
%   \arb[trans]{al-rib_aUA}, |ribaNU| \arb[voc]{ribaNU}
%   \arb[trans]{ribaNU}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{tanwIn}}{tanwīn}}
% The marks of doubled short vowels, \arb{BuN}, \arb{BaN}, \arb{BiN},
% are written \meta{uN, aN, iN} respectively. \package{arabluatex}
% deals with special cases, such as \arb{BaN} taking an \arb[novoc]{A}
% after all consonants except \arb[novoc]{T}, and \arb[trans]{tanwIn}
% preceding \arb[novoc]{Y} as in \arb[voc]{hudaN_A}, which is written
% \meta{aN\_A} or \meta{aNY}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |mAluN| \arb[voc]{mAluN} \arb[trans]{mAluN}, |bAbaN|
%   \arb[voc]{bAbaN} \arb[trans]{bAbaN}, |madInaTaN|
%   \arb[voc]{madInaTaN} \arb[trans]{madInaTaN}, |bintiN|
%   \arb[voc]{bintiN} \arb[trans]{bintiN} |maqhaN_A|
%   \arb[voc]{maqhaN_A} \arb[trans]{maqhaN_A}, |fataNY|
%   \arb[voc]{fataNY} \arb[trans]{fataNY}.
%
%   \package{arabluatex} is aware of special orthographies: |^say'uN|
%   \arb[voc]{^say'uN} \arb[trans]{^say'uN}, |^say'aN|
%   \arb[voc]{^say'aN} \arb[trans]{^say'aN}, |^say'iN|
%   \arb[voc]{^say'iN} \arb[trans]{^say'iN}.
% \end{quote}
%
% In some cases, it may be useful to mark the root form of defective
% words so as to produce a more accurate transliteration of ending
% \arb[trans]{tanwIn}. As seen above, \arb[trans]{tanwIn} preceding
% \arb[novoc]{_A} is written \meta{aN\_A} or \meta{aNY}. Such forms as
% \arb[voc]{qA.diNI} may likewise be written \meta{iNI}:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |al-qA.dI| \arb[voc]{al-qA.dI} \arb[trans]{al-qA.dI}, |qA.diyaN|
%   \arb[voc]{qA.diyaN} \arb[trans]{qA.diyaN}, |qA.diNI|
%   \arb[voc]{qA.diNI} \arb[trans]{qA.diNI}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \subsection{Other orthographic signs}
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{tA' marbU.taT}}{tāʾ marbūṭah}}
% It is written \meta{T}:
% \begin{quote}
%   |madInaTuN| \arb[voc]{madInaTuN} \arb[trans]{madInaTuN},
%   |madInaTaN| \arb[voc]{madInaTaN} \arb[trans]{madInaTaN},
%   |madInaTiN| \arb[voc]{madInaTiN} \arb[trans]{madInaTiN}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{hamzaT}}{hamzah}}
% \label{ref:hamza}It is written \meta{\texttt{'}}, its carrier being
% determined by contextual analysis. In case one wishes to bypass this
% mechanism, he can use the \enquote{quoting} feature that is
% described below in \vref{sec:quoting}.
% \begin{quote}
%   \textbf{Initial \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}: |'asaduN| \arb[voc]{'asaduN}
%   \arb[trans]{'asaduN}, |'u_htuN| \arb[voc]{'u_htuN}
%   \arb[trans]{'u_htuN}, |'iqlIduN| \arb[voc]{'iqlIduN}
%   \arb[trans]{'iqlIduN}, |'anna| \arb[voc]{'anna}
%   \arb[trans]{'anna}, |'inna| \arb[voc]{'inna} \arb[trans]{'inna}.
%
%   \label{ref:initial-hamza}
%   \arb[trans]{hamzaT} followed by the long vowel \arb[novoc]{U} is
%   encoded |'_U|: |'_Ul_A| \arb[voc]{'_Ul_A} \arb[trans]{'_Ul_A}, |'_UlU|
%   \arb[voc]{'_UlU} \arb[trans]{'_UlU}, |'_UlA'ika|
%   \arb[voc]{'_UlA'ika} \arb[trans]{'_UlA'ika}.
%
%   \arb[trans]{hamzaT} followed by the long vowel \arb[novoc]{I} is
%   encoded |'_I|: |'_ImAnuN| \arb[voc]{'_ImAnuN}
%   \arb[trans]{'_ImA\-nuN}\footnote{For another way of encoding the
%   initial \arb[trans]{hamzaT} followed by a long vowel, see the
%   \arb[trans]{ta_hfIf-u 'l-hamzaT-i}\vpageref{ref:taxfif-hamzah}.}.
%
%   \textbf{Middle \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}: |xA.ti'-Ina|
%   \arb[voc]{xA.ti'-Ina} \arb[trans]{xA.ti'-Ina}, |ru'UsuN|
%   \arb[voc]{ru'UsuN}, \arb[trans]{ru'UsuN}, |xa.tI'aTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{xa.tI'aTuN} \arb[trans]{xa.tI'aTuN}, |su'ila|
%   \arb[voc]{su'ila} \arb[trans]{su'ila}, |'as'ilaTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{'as'i\-laTuN} \arb[trans]{'as'ilaTuN}, |mas'alaTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{mas'alaTuN} \arb[trans]{mas'alaTuN}, |'as'alu|
%   \arb[voc]{'as'alu} \arb[trans]{'as'alu}, |yatasA'alUna|
%   \arb[voc]{yatasA'alUna}\linebreak \arb[trans]{yatasA'alUna},
%   |murU'aTuN| \arb[voc]{murU'aTuN}, |taw'amuN|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{taw'amuN} \arb[trans]{taw'amuN},
%   \arb[trans]{murU'aTuN}, |ta'xIruN| \arb[fullvoc]{ta'xIruN}
%   \arb[trans]{ta'xIruN}, |ta'ax|\allowbreak|xara|
%   \arb[voc]{ta'axxara} \arb[trans]{ta'axxara}, |ji'tu-ka|
%   \arb[voc]{ji'tu-ka} \arb[trans]{ji'tu-ka}, |qA'iluN|
%   \arb[voc]{qA'iluN} \arb[trans]{qA'iluN}, |.hIna'i_diN|
%   \arb[trans]{.hIna'i_diN} \arb[voc]{.hIna'i_diN}, |hay'aTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{hay'aTuN} \arb[trans]{hay\-'aTuN}, |hay'AtuN|
%   \arb[voc]{hay'AtuN} \arb[trans]{hay'AtuN}.
%
%   From \textcite[i. 14 B]{Wright}:--- All consonants, whatsoever,
%   not even \arb[trans]{'alif} \emph{hèmzatum} excepted, admit of
%   being doubled and take \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}. Hence we speak and
%   write |ra''AsuN| \arb[voc]{ra''AsuN} \arb[trans]{ra''AsuN},
%   |sa''AluN| \arb[voc]{sa''AluN} \arb[trans]{sa''AluN}, |na''AjuN|
%   \arb[voc]{na''AjuN} \arb[trans]{na''AjuN}.
%
%   \textbf{Final \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}: |xa.ta'uN| \arb[voc]{xa.ta'uN}
%   \arb[trans]{xa.ta'uN}, |xa.ta'aN| \arb[voc]{xa.ta'aN}
%   \arb[trans]{xa.ta'aN}, |xa.ta'iN| \arb[voc]{xa.ta'iN}
%   \arb[trans]{xa.ta'iN}, |'aqra'u| \arb[voc]{'aqra'u}
%   \arb[trans]{'aqra'u}, |taqra'Ina| \arb[voc]{taqra'Ina}
%   \arb[trans]{taqra'Ina}, |taqra'Una| \arb[voc]{taqra'Una}
%   \arb[trans]{taqra'Una}, |yaqra'na| \arb[fullvoc]{yaqra'na}
%   \arb[trans]{yaqra'na}, |yaxba'Ani| \arb[voc]{yaxba'Ani}
%   \arb[trans]{yaxba'Ani}, |xaba'A| \arb[voc]{xaba'A}
%   \arb[trans]{xaba'A}, |xubi'a| \arb[voc]{xubi'a}
%   \arb[trans]{xubi'a}, |xubi'UA| \arb[voc]{xubi'UA}
%   \arb[trans]{xubi'UA}, |jA'a| \arb[voc]{jA'a} \arb[trans]{jA'a},
%   |ridA'uN| \arb[voc]{ridA'uN} \arb[trans]{ridA'uN}, |ridA'aN|
%   \arb[voc]{ridA'aN} \arb[trans]{ridA'aN}, |jI'a| \arb[voc]{jI'a}
%   \arb[trans]{jI'a}, |radI'iN| \arb[voc]{radI'iN}
%   \arb[trans]{radI'iN}, |sU'uN| \arb[voc]{sU'uN} \arb[trans]{sU'uN},
%   |.daw'uN| \arb[voc]{.daw'uN} \arb[trans]{.daw'uN}, |qay'iN|
%   \arb[voc]{qay'iN} \arb[trans]{qay'iN}, |^sifA'I|
%   \arb[voc]{^sifA'I} \arb[trans]{^sifA'I}, |man^sa'I|
%   \arb[trans]{man^sa'I} \arb[voc]{man^sa'I}, |nisA'uN|
%   \arb[voc]{nisA'uN} \arb[trans]{ni\-sA'uN}, |nisA'u-hu|
%   \arb[voc]{nisA'u-hu} \arb[trans]{nisA'u-hu}, |nisA'i-hi|
%   \arb[voc]{nisA'i-hi} \arb[trans]{nisA'i-hi}, |nisA'I|
%   \arb[voc]{nisA'I} \arb[trans]{nisA'I}.
%
%   |^say'uN| \arb[voc]{^say'uN} \arb[trans]{^say'uN}, |^say'aN|
%   \arb[voc]{^say'aN} \arb[trans]{^say'aN}, |^say'iN|
%   \arb[voc]{^say'iN} \arb[trans]{^say'iN}, |al-^say'-u|
%   \arb[voc]{al-^say'-u} \arb[trans]{al-^say'-u}, |'a^syA'-u|
%   \arb[voc]{'a^syA'-u} \arb[trans]{'a^syA'-u}, |'a^syA'-a|
%   \arb[voc]{'a^syA'-a} \arb[trans]{'a^syA'-a}, |.zim'aN|
%   \arb[voc]{.zim'aN} \arb[trans]{.zim'aN}, |radI'aN|
%   \arb[voc]{radI'aN} \arb[trans]{radI'aN}.
%
%   \label{ref:taxfif-hamzah}
%   \textbf{\arb[trans]{ta_hfIf-u 'l-hamzaT-i}}: if the
%   \arb[trans]{hamzaT} has \arb[trans]{jazmaT} and is preceded by
%   \emph{\arb[trans]{'alif} hamzatum}, it must be changed into the
%   letter of prolongation that is homogeneous with the preceding
%   vowel; hence: |'a'mana| \arb[voc]{'a'mana} \arb[trans]{'a'mana},
%   |'u'minu| \arb[voc]{'u'minu} \arb[trans]{'u'minu}, |'i'mAnuN|
%   \arb[voc]{'i'mAnuN} \arb[trans]{'i'mAnuN}. For other possible ways
%   of encoding such sequences, see \vpageref{ref:initial-hamza}
%   (\arb[trans]{hamzaT} followed by \arb[novoc]{U} and \arb[novoc]{I})
%   and the \arb[trans]{maddaT} \vpageref{ref:madda}.
%
%   Imperatives of verbs that have the \arb[trans]{hamzaT} as the
%   first radical are other cases of \arb[trans]{ta_hfIf-u
%   'l-hamzaT-i}: |i'sir| \arb[fullvoc]{i'sir} \arb[trans]{i'sir},
%   |i'_dan| \arb[fullvoc]{i'_dan} \arb[trans]{i'_dan}, |u'mul|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{u'mul} \arb[trans]{u'mul}.  \package{arabluatex}
%   also provides ways of encoding those words when the initial
%   \arb[trans]{'alif} comes into \arb[trans]{wa.sl}, so as to make
%   the \arb[trans]{'alif wa.sl} fall away when preceded by
%   \arb[voc]{wa} or \arb[voc]{fa}: |wa-'sir| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-'sir}
%   \arb[trans]{wa-'sir}, |fa-'_dan| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-'_dan}
%   \arb[trans]{fa-'_dan}, |fa-'ti| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-'ti}
%   \arb[trans]{fa-'ti}, |wa-'tamirUA| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-'tamirUA}
%   \arb[trans]{wa-'tamirUA}; or be retained outside the imperative,
%   as in |fa-i'tazarat| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-i'tazarat}
%   \arb[trans]{fa-i'tazarat}, |ba`da| |i'tilAfiN| \arb[fullvoc]{ba`da
%   i'tilAfiN} \arb[trans]{ba`da i'tilAfiN}.
%
%   \textbf{The strange spelling of \arb[trans]{mi'aTuN}}: |mi'aTuN|
%   \arb[voc]{mi'aTuN} \arb[trans]{mi'aTuN}, \linebreak |mi'atAni|
%   \arb[voc]{mi'atAni} \arb[trans]{mi'atAni}, |mi'atayni|
%   \arb[voc]{mi'atayni} \arb[trans]{mi'atayni}, |mi'Una|
%   \arb[voc]{mi'Una} \arb[trans]{mi'Una}, |mi'AtuN|
%   \arb[voc]{mi'AtuN} \arb[trans]{mi'AtuN}, |mi'aN_A|
%   \arb[voc]{mi'aN_A} \arb[trans]{mi'aN_A}. Of course, the
%   \enquote*{pipe} character can be used to prevent this rule from
%   being applied (see \vref{sec:pipe}): \verb+mi'a|TuN+
%   \arb[voc]{mi'a|TuN} \arb[trans]{mi'a|TuN}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{maddaT}}{maddah}}
% \label{ref:madda}At the beginning of a syllabe, \arb[trans]{'alif}
% with \arb[trans]{hamzaT} and \arb[trans]{fat.haT} (\arb[voc]{'a})
% followed by \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-maddi} (\arb[trans]{'alif} of
% prolongation) or \arb[trans]{'alif} with \arb[trans]{hamzaT} and
% \arb[trans]{jazmaT} (\arb[voc]{a"'"}) are both represented in
% writing \arb[trans]{'alif} with \arb[trans]{maddaT}: \arb[voc]{A"'}
% \parencite[see][i. 25 A--B]{Wright}.
%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  Hence one should keep to this distinction and encode |'a'kulu|
  \arb[voc]{'a'kulu} \arb[trans]{'a'kulu} and |'AkiluN|
  \arb[voc]{'AkiluN} \arb[trans]{'AkiluN} respectively.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \package{arabluatex} otherwise determines \arb[trans]{al-'alif-u
% 'l-mamdUdaT-u} by context analysis.
% 
% \begin{quote}
%   |'is'AduN| \arb[voc]{'is'AduN} \arb[trans]{'is'AduN}, |'AkilUna|
%   \arb[voc]{'AkilUna} \arb[trans]{'AkilUna}, |'a'mannA|
%   \arb[voc]{'a'mannA} \arb[trans]{'a'mannA}, |al-qur'An-u|
%   \arb[voc]{al-qur'An-u} \arb[trans]{al-qur'An-u}.
%
%   |jA'a| \arb[voc]{jA'a} \arb[trans]{jA'a}, |yatasA'alUna|
%   \arb[voc]{yatasA'alUna} \arb[trans]{yatasA'alUna}, |ridA'uN|
%   \arb[voc]{ridA'uN} \arb[trans]{ridA'uN}, |xaba'A|
%   \arb[voc]{xaba'A} \arb[trans]{xaba'A}, |yaxba'Ani|
%   \arb[voc]{yaxba'Ani} \arb[trans]{yaxba'Ani}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{^saddaT}}{šaddah}}
% \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} is either \emph{necessary} or \emph{euphonic}.
%
% \subparagraph{The necessary \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}}
% \label{ref:necessary-tashdid}always follows a vowel, whether short
% or long \parencite[see][i. 15 A--B]{Wright}. It is encoded in
% writing the consonant that carries it twice:
% \begin{quote}
%   |`allaqa| \arb[voc]{`allaqa} \arb[trans]{`allaqa}, |mAdduN|
%   \arb[voc]{mAdduN} \arb[trans]{mAdduN}, |'ammara|
%   \arb[voc]{'ammara} \arb[trans]{ammara}, |murruN| \arb[voc]{murruN}
%   \arb[trans]{murruN}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \subparagraph{The euphonic \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}}
% \label{ref:euphonic-tashdid} always follows a vowelless consonant
% which is passed over in pronunciation and assimilated to a following
% consonant. It may be found \parencite[i. 15 B--16 C]{Wright}:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item With the \emph{solar} letters \arb[novoc]{t}, \arb[novoc]{_t},
%   \arb[novoc]{d}, \arb[novoc]{_d}, \arb[novoc]{r}, \arb[novoc]{z},
%   \arb[novoc]{s}, \arb[novoc]{^s}, \arb[novoc]{.s}, \arb[novoc]{.d},
%   \arb[novoc]{.t}, \arb[novoc]{.z}, \arb[novoc]{l}, \arb[novoc]{n},
%   after the article \arb[fullvoc]{al-}:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  Unlike \package{arabtex} and \package{arabxetex},
  \package{arabluatex} \emph{never requires the solar letter to be
    written twice}, as it automatically generates the euphonic
  \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} above the letter that carries it, whether the
  article be written in the assimilated form or not, e.g. |al-^sams-u|
  \arb[voc]{al-^sams-u} \arb[trans]{al-^sams-u}, or |a^s-^sams-u|
  \arb[voc]{a^s-^sams-u} \arb[trans]{a^s-^sams-u}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \begin{quote}
%   |al-tamr-u| \arb[voc]{al-tamr-u} \arb[trans]{al-tamr-u},
%   |al-ra.hm_an-u| \arb[voc]{al-ra.hm_an-u}
%   \arb[trans]{al-ra.hm_an-u}, |al-.zulm-u| \arb[voc]{al-.zulm-u}
%   \arb[trans]{al-.zulm-u}, |al-lu.gaT-u| \arb[voc]{al-lu.gaT-u}
%   \arb[trans]{al-lu.gaT-u}.
% \end{quote}
% \item \label{ref:assimilation} With the letters \arb[novoc]{r},
%   \arb[novoc]{l}, \arb[novoc]{m}, \arb[novoc]{w}, \arb[novoc]{y}
%   after \arb[voc]{n} with \arb[trans]{jazmaT}, and also after the
%   \arb[trans]{tanwIn}:---
% \begin{quote}\SetArbDflt*
%   Note the absence of \arb[trans]{sukUn} above the passed over
%   \arb[novoc]{n} in the following examples, each of which is
%   accompanied by a consistent transliteration: |min rabbi-hi|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{min rabbi-hi}, \arb[trans]{min rabbi-hi},
%   |min| |layliN| \arb[fullvoc]{min layliN} \arb[trans]{min layliN},
%   |'an| |yaqtula| \arb[fullvoc]{'an yaqtula} \arb[trans]{'an yaqtula}.
%   
%   With \arb[trans]{tanwIn}: |kitAbuN| |mubInuN| \arb[voc]{kitAbuN
%   mubInuN} \arb[trans]{kitAbuN mubInuN}.\SetArbDflt
% \end{quote}
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  \textsc{Rem.} This particular feature must be put into operation by
  the \cs{SetArbDflt*} command explicitly. See above
  \vref{sec:classic-modern-typesetting} for further details. Other
  kinds of assimilations, including the various cases of
  \arb[trans]{'id.gAm}, will be included in \package{arabluatex}
  gradually.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \item With the letter \arb[voc]{t} after the dentals
%   \arb[novoc]{_t}, \arb[novoc]{d}, \arb[novoc]{_d}, \arb[novoc]{.d},
%   \arb[novoc]{.t}, \arb[novoc]{.z} in certain parts of the verb:
%   this kind of assimilation, e.g. \arb[voc]{labi_tttu} for
%   \arb[voc]{labi_ttu} \arb[trans]{labi_ttu}, will be discarded here,
%   as it is largely condemned by the
%   grammarians \parencite[see][i. 16 B--C]{Wright}.
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{The definite article and the
% \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i}}{The definite article and the ʾalifu
% 'l-waṣli}}
% \label{ref:definite-article}
% At the beginning of a sentence, \arb[fullvoc]{"a} is never written,
% as \arb[fullvoc]{'l-.hamd-u li-ll_ah-i}; instead, to indicate that
% the \arb[trans]{'alif} is a connective \arb[trans]{'alif}
% (\arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i}), the \arb[trans]{hamzaT} is
% omitted and only its accompanying vowel is expressed:
% \begin{quote}
%   |al-.hamd-u| |li-l-l_ah-i| \arb[fullvoc]{al-.hamd-u li-l-l_ah-i}
%   \arb[trans]{al-.hamd-u li-l-l_ah-i}.
% \end{quote}
% As said above on \cpageref{fullvoc-mode}, |fullvoc| is the mode
% in which \package{arabluatex} expresses the \arb[trans]{sukUn} and
% the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT}. \package{arabluatex} will take care of
% doing that automatically provided that the vowel which is to be
% absorbed by the final vowel of the preceding word be properly
% encoded, like so:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Definite article at the beginning of a sentence is encoded\\
%   \arabluaverb{al-}, or \arabluaverb{a<solar letter>-}\\ if one
%   wishes to mark the assimilation---which is in no way required, as
%   \package{arabulatex} will detect all cases of assimilation.
% \item Definite article inside sentences is encoded\\ \arabluaverb{'l-}
%   or \arabluaverb{'<solar letter>-}.
% \item In all remaining cases of elision, the \arb[trans]{'alifu
% 'l-wa.sli} is expressed by the vowel that accompanies the omitted
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT}: \meta{u, a, i}.
% \end{enumerate}
% \begin{quote}
%   \textbf{Article}: |bAb-u| |'l-madrasaT-i| \arb[fullvoc]{bAb-u
%   'l-madrasaT-i} \arb[trans]{bAb-u 'l-madrasaT-i},
%   |al-maqA|\allowbreak|laT-u| |'l-'_Ul_A| \arb[fullvoc]{al-maqAlaT-u
%   'l-'_Ul_A} \arb[trans]{al-maqAlaT-u 'l-'_Ul_A}, |al-lu.gaT-u|
%   |'l-`ara|\allowbreak|biyyaT-u| \arb[fullvoc]{al-lu.gaT-u
%   'l-`arabiyyaT-u} \arb[trans]{al-lu.gaT-u 'l-`arabiyyaT-u}, |fI|
%   |.sinA`aT-i| |'l-.tibb-i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI .sinA`aT-i 'l-.tibb-i}
%   \arb[trans]{fI .sinA`aT-i 'l-.tibb-i}, |'il_A| |'l-intiqA.d-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{'il_A 'l-intiqA.d-i} \arb[trans]{'il_A
%   'l-intiqA.d-i}, |fI| |'l-ibtidA'-i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI 'l-ibtidA'-i}
%   \arb[trans]{fI 'l-ibtidA'-i}, |'abU| |'l-wazIr-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{'abU 'l-wazIr-i} \arb[trans]{'abU 'l-wazIr-i},
%   |fa-lammA| |ra'aW| |'l-najm-a| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-lammA ra'aW
%   'l-najm-a} \arb[trans]{fa-lammA ra'aW 'l-najm-a}.
%
%   \textbf{Particles}:---
%   \begin{enumerate}
%   \item \arb[trans]{li-}: \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i} is omitted
%     in the article \arb[fullvoc]{al} when it is preceded by the
%     preposition \arb[fullvoc]{li}: |li-l-rajul-i|
%     \arb[fullvoc]{li-l-rajul-i}
%     \arb[trans]{li-l-rajul-i}.\\
%     If the first letter of the noun be \arb[novoc]{l}, then the
%     \arb[novoc]{l} of the article also falls away, but
%     \package{arabluatex} is aware of that: |li-l-laylaT-i|
%     \arb[fullvoc]{li-l-laylaT-i} \arb[trans]{li-l-laylaT-i}.
%   \item \arb[trans]{la-}: the same applies to the affirmative
%   particle \arb[fullvoc]{la}: |la-l-.haqq-u|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{la-l-.haqq-u} \arb[trans]{la-l-.haqq-u}.
% \item With the other particles, \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i} is
%   expressed: |fI| |'l-madIna|\allowbreak|T-i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI
%   'l-madInaT-i} \arb[trans]{fI 'l-madInaT-i}, |wa-'l-rajul-u|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{wa-'l-rajul-u} \arb[trans]{wa-'l-rajul-u},
%   |bi-'l-|\allowbreak|qalam-i| \arb[fullvoc]{bi-'l-qalam-i}
%   \arb[trans]{bi-'l-qalam-i}, |bi-'l-ru`b-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{bi-'l-ru`b-i} \arb[trans]{bi-'l-ru`b-i}.
%   \end{enumerate}
%   
%   \textbf{Perfect active, imperative, nomen actionis}: |qAla|
%   |isma`| \arb[fullvoc]{qAla isma`} \arb[trans]{qAla isma`}, |qAla|
%   |uqtul| \arb[fullvoc]{qAla uqtul} \arb[trans]{qAla uqtul}, |huwa|
%   |inhazama| \arb[fullvoc]{huwa inhazama} \arb[trans]{huwa
%   inhazama}, |wa-ustu`mila| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-ustu`mila}
%   \arb[trans]{wa-ustu`mila}, |qad-i| |in.sarafa| \arb[fullvoc]{qadi
%   in.sarafa} \arb[trans]{qadi in.sarafa}, |al-iqtidAr-u|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{al-iqtidAr-u} \arb[trans]{al-iqtidAr-u}, |'il_A|
%   |'l-inti|\allowbreak|qA.d-i| \arb[fullvoc]{'il_A 'l-intiqA.d-i}
%   \arb[trans]{'il_A 'l-intiqA.d-i}, |law| |istaqbala|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{law istaqbala} \arb[trans]{law istaqbala}.
%
%   \textbf{Other cases}: |'awi| |ismu-hu| \arb[fullvoc]{'awi ismu-hu}
%   \arb[trans]{'awi ismu-hu}, |zayduN| |ibn-u| |`amriNU|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{\uc{z}ayduN ibn-u \uc{`amriNU}}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{z}ayduN ibn-u
%   \uc{`amriNU}},\footnote{\label{fn:zayd-is-son}%
%   \enquote{\arb[trans]{\uc{z}ayd} is the son of
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{`a}mr}}: the second noun is not in apposition to
%   the first, but forms part of the predicate. Hence \arb[voc]{zayduN
%   ibn-u `amriNU} and not \arb[voc]{zayd-u bn-u `amriNU},
%   \enquote{Zayd, son of ʿAmr}.}  |`umar-u| |ibn-u| |'l-_ha.t.tAb-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{\uc{`umar}-u ibn-u \uc{'l-_ha.t.tAb-i}}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{`umar}-u ibn-u
%   \uc{'l-_ha.t.tAb-i}},\footnote{\enquote{\arb[trans]{\uc{`umar}}
%   is the son of \arb[trans]{\uc{al-_ha.t.tAb}}} (see
%   \vref{fn:zayd-is-son}).}  |imru'-u| |'l-qays-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{imru'-u 'l-qays-i} \arb[trans]{\uc{i}mru'-u
%   \uc{'l-qays-i}}, |la-aymun-u| |'l-l_ah-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{la-aymun-u 'l-l_ah-i} \arb[trans]{la-aymun-u
%   'l-l_ah-i}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subparagraph{\arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i} preceded by a long
% vowel} The long vowel preceding the connective \arb[trans]{'alif} is
% shortened in pronunciation \parencite[i. 21 B--D]{Wright}. This does
% not appear in the Arabic script, but \package{arabluatex} takes it
% into account in some transliteration standards:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |fI| |'l-nAs-i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI 'l-nAs-i} \arb[trans]{fI
%   'l-nAs-i}, |'abU| |'l-wazIr-i| \arb[fullvoc]{'abU 'l-wazIr-i}
%   \arb[trans]{'abU 'l-wazIr-i}, |fI| |'l-ibtidA'-i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI
%   'l-ibtidA'-i} \arb[trans]{fI 'l-ibtidA'-i}, |_dU 'l-i`lAl-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{_dU 'l-i`lAl-i} \arb[trans]{_dU 'l-i`lAl-i},
%   |maqh_A| |'l-'amIr-i| \arb[voc]{maqh_A 'l-'amIr-i}
%   \arb[trans]{maqh_A 'l-'amIr-i}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subparagraph{\arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i} preceded by a diphthong}
% \label{sec:diphthong-alif}
% The diphthong is resolved into two simple vowels \parencite[i. 21
% D--22 A]{Wright} viz. \emph{ay}~→ \emph{\u{a}\u{i}} and \emph{aw}~→
% \emph{\u{a}\u{u}}. \package{arabluatex} detects the cases in which
% this rule applies:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |fI| |`aynay| |'l-malik-i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI `aynay 'l-malik-i}
%   \arb[trans]{fI `aynay 'l-malik-i}, |ix^say|
%   |'l-qaw|\allowbreak|m-a| \arb[fullvoc]{ix^say 'l-qawm-a}
%   \arb[trans]{ix^say 'l-qawm-a}, |mu.s.tafaw| |'l-l_ah-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{mu.s.tafaw 'l-l_ah-i} \arb[trans]{mu.s.ta\-faw
%   'l-l_ah-i}.
%
%   |ramaW| |'l-.hijAraT-a| \arb[fullvoc]{ramaW 'l-.hijAraT-a}
%   \arb[trans]{ramaW 'l-.hijAraT-a}, |fa-lammA| |ra'aW |\allowbreak{}
%   |'l-najm-a| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-lammA ra'aW 'l-najm-a}
%   \arb[trans]{fa-lammA ra'aW 'l-najm-a}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subparagraph{\arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i} preceded by a consonant
% with \arb[trans]{sukUn}} The vowel which the consonant takes is
% either its original vowel, or that which belongs to the connective
% \arb[trans]{'alif} or the \arb[trans]{kasraT}; in most of the
% cases \parencite[i. 22 A--C]{Wright}, it is encoded explicitly, like
% so:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |'antumu| |'l-kA_dib-Una| \arb[fullvoc]{'antumu 'l-kA_dib-Una}
%   \arb[trans]{'antumu 'l-kA_dib-Una}, |ra'aytumu| |'l-rajul-a|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{ra'aytumu 'l-rajul-a} \arb[trans]{ra'aytumu
%   'l-rajul-a}, |mani| |'l-ka_d_dAb-u| \arb[fullvoc]{mani
%   'l-ka_d_dAb-u} \arb[trans]{mani 'l-ka_d_dAb-u}, |qatalati|
%   |'l-rUm-u| \arb[fullvoc]{qatalati 'l-rUm-u} \arb[trans]{qatalati
%   \uc{'l-rUm-u}}.
% \end{quote}
% \label{ref:muhammaduni}
% However, the Arabic script does not show the \arb[trans]{kasraT} or
% the \arb[trans]{.dammaT} which may be taken by the nouns having
% \arb[trans]{tanwIn} although it is explicit in pronunciation and
% must appear in some transliteration standards. \package{arabluatex}
% takes care of that automatically:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |mu.hammaduN| |'l-nabI| \arb[fullvoc]{mu.hammaduN 'l-nabI}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{m}u.hammaduN 'l-nabI}, |salAmuN| |ud_hulUA|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{salAmuN ud_hulUA} \arb[trans]{salAmuN ud_hulUA},
%   |qa.sIdata-hu| |fI| |qatl-i| |\uc{'a}bI|
%   |\uc{m}|\allowbreak|uslimiN| |'llatI| |yaqUlu| |fI-hA|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{qa.sIdata-hu fI qatl-i \uc{'a}bI \uc{m}uslimiN
%   'llatI yaqUlu fI-hA} \arb[trans]{qa.sIdata-hu fI qatl-i \uc{'a}bI
%   \uc{m}uslimiN 'llatI yaqUlu fI-hA}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsection{Special orthographies}
% \paragraph{The name of God}
% The name of God, \arb[voc]{al-l_ahu}, is compounded of the article
% \arb[fullvoc]{al-}, and \arb[fullvoc]{'ilAh-u} (noted
% \arb[fullvoc]{'il_ah-u} with the defective \arb[trans]{'alif}) so
% that it becomes \arb[fullvoc]{al-'ilAh-u}; then the
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT} is suppressed, its vowel being transferred to
% the \arb[novoc]{l} before it, so that there remains
% \arb[voc]{alil_ah-u} \parencite[I refer to][I. 83
% col. 1]{Lane}. Finally, the first \arb[novoc]{l} is made quiescent
% and incorporated into the other, hence the \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}
% above it. As \package{arabluatex} never requires a solar letter to
% be written twice (see above, \vpageref{ref:euphonic-tashdid}), the
% name of God is therefore encoded |al-l_ah-u| or |'l-l_ah-u|:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |al-l_ah-u| \arb[fullvoc]{al-l_ah-u} \arb[trans]{al-l_ah-u},
%   \verb+yA|+\footnote{\label{fn:pipe-allah-01}Note the
%   \enquote{pipe} character \enquote*{\textbar} here after |yA| and
%   below after |fa| before footnote mark \ref{fn:pipe-allah-02}: it
%   is needed by the |dmg| transliteration mode as in this mode any
%   vowel at the commencement of a word preceded by a word that ends
%   with a vowel, either short or long, is absorbed by this vowel
%   viz. \arb[trans]{`al_A 'l-.tarIq-i}. See \vref{sec:pipe} on the
%   \enquote{pipe} and \vref{sec:transliteration} on |dmg| mode.}
%   |al-l_ah-u| \arb[fullvoc]{yA| al-l_ah-u} \arb[trans]{yA|
%   al-l_ah-u}, \verb+'a-fa|+\footnote{\label{fn:pipe-allah-02}See
%   \cref{fn:pipe-allah-01}.}|-al-|\allowbreak|l_ah-i|
%   |la-ta.g`alanna| \arb[fullvoc]{'a-fa|-al-l_ah-i la-ta.g`alanna}
%   \arb[trans]{'a-fa|-al-l_ah-i la-ta.g`alanna},
%   |bi-'l-|\allowbreak|l_ah-i| \arb[fullvoc]{bi-'l-l_ah-i}
%   \arb[trans]{bi-'l-l_ah-i}, |wa-'l-l_ah-i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{wa-'l-l_ah-i} \arb[trans]{wa-'l-l_ah-i}, |bi-sm-i|
%   |'l-l_ah-i| \arb[fullvoc]{bi-sm-i 'l-l_ah-i} \arb[trans]{bi-sm-i
%   'l-l_ah-i}, |al-.hamd-u| |li-l-l_ah-i| \arb[fullvoc]{al-.hamd-u
%   li-l-l_ah-i} \arb[trans]{al-.hamd-u li-l-l_ah-i}, |li-l-l_ah-i|
%   |'l-qA'il-u| \arb[fullvoc]{li-l-l_ah-i 'l-qA'il-u}
%   \arb[trans]{li-l-l_ah-i 'l-qA'il-u}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{The conjunctive \arb[voc]{alla_dI}}{The
% conjunctive اَلَّذِي}}
% Although it is compounded of the article \arb[fullvoc]{al}, the
% demonstrative letter \arb[novoc]{l} and the demonstrative pronoun
% \arb[voc]{_dA}, both masculine and feminine forms that are written
% defectively are encoded |alla_dI| and |allatI| respectively. Forms
% starting with the connective \arb[trans]{'alif} are encoded
% |'lla_dI| and |'llatI|:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |'a_hAfu| |mina| |'l-malik-i| |'lla_dI| |ya.zlimu| |'l-nAs-a|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{'a_hAfu mina 'l-malik-i 'lla_dI ya.zlimu 'l-nAs-a}
%   \arb[trans]{'a_hAfu mina 'l-malik-i 'lla_dI ya.zlimu 'l-nAs-a},
%   |`udtu| |'l-^say_h-a| |'lla_dI| |huwa| |marI.duN|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{`udtu 'l-^say_h-a 'lla_dI huwa marI.duN}
%   \arb[trans]{`udtu 'l-^say_h-a 'lla_dI huwa marI.duN}, |mA| |'anA|
%   |bi-'lla_dI| |qA'iluN| |la-ka| |^say'aN| \arb[fullvoc]{mA 'anA
%   bi-'lla_dI qA'iluN la-ka ^say'aN} \arb[trans]{mA 'anA bi-'lla_dI
%   qA'iluN la-ka ^say'aN}.
%
%   |'ari-nA| |'lla_dayni| |'a.dallA-nA| |mina| |'l-jinn-i|
%   |wa-'l-'ins-i| \arb[fullvoc]{'ari-nA 'lla_dayni 'a.dallA-nA mina
%   'l-jinn-i wa-'l-'ins-i} \arb[trans]{'ari-nA 'lla_dayni 'a.dallA-nA
%   mina 'l-jinn-i wa-'l-'ins-i}.
% \end{quote}
% The other forms are encoded regularly as |al-l| or |'l-l|:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |fa-'innA| |na_dkuru| |'l-.sawt-ayni| |'l-la_dayni| |rawaynA-humA|
%   |`an| |ja.h.zaT-a| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-'innA na_dkuru 'l-.sawt-ayni
%   'l-la_dayni rawaynA-humA `an \uc{ja.h.zaT-a}}
%   \arb[trans]{fa-'innA na_dkuru 'l-.sawt-ayni 'l-la_dayni
%   rawaynA-humA `an \uc{ja.h.zaT-a}}.
%
%   And also: |al-la_dAni| \arb[fullvoc]{al-la_dAni}
%   \arb[trans]{al-la_dAni}, |al-la_dayni| \arb[fullvoc]{al-la_dayni}
%   \arb[trans]{al-la_dayni}, |al-latAni| \arb[fullvoc]{al-latAni}
%   \arb[trans]{al-latAni}, |al-latayni| \arb[fullvoc]{al-latayni}
%   \arb[trans]{al-latayni}, |al-lAtI| \arb[fullvoc]{al-lAtI}
%   \arb[trans]{al-lAtI},
%   \verb+al-lA'|Ati+\footnote{\label{fn:pipe-madda}Note here the
%   \enquote{pipe} character \enquote*{\textbar}: as already stated
%   \vpageref{ref:madda}, the sequence |'A| usually encodes
%   \arb[trans]{'alif} with \arb[trans]{hamzaT} followed by
%   \arb[trans]{'alif} of prolongation, which is represented in writing
%   \arb[trans]{'alif} with \arb[trans]{maddaT}: \arb[voc]{A"'}. The
%   \enquote{pipe} character prevents this rule from being
%   applied. See \vref{sec:pipe}.}  \arb[fullvoc]{al-lA'|Ati}
%   \arb[trans]{al-lA'|Ati}, |al-lA'I| \arb[fullvoc]{al-lA'I}
%   \arb[trans]{al-lA'I}, and so forth.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsection{Quoting}
% \label{sec:quoting}
% It is here referred to \enquote{quoting} after the \package{arabtex}
% package.\footnote{See \textcite[22]{pkg:arabtex}} The
% \enquote{quoting} mechanism of \package{arabluatex} is designed to
% be very similar in effect to the one of \package{arabtex}.
%
% To start with an example, suppose one types the following in |novoc|
% mode: \arb[novoc]{`ullima `ilm-a 'l-hay'aT-i}; is it
% \arb[fullvoc]{`ullima}, \emph{he was taught the science of
% astronomy}, or \arb[fullvoc]{`allama}, \emph{he taught the science
% of astronomy}? In order to disambiguate this clause, it may be
% sensible to put a \arb[trans]{.dammaT} above the first \arb[voc]{`}:
% \arb[novoc]{`"ullima `ilm-a 'l-hay'aT-i}, which is achieved by
% \enquote{quoting} the vowel |u|, like so: |`"ullima|, or, with no
% other vowel than the required |u|: |`"ullm|.
%
% This is how the \enquote{quoting} mechanism works: metaphorically
% speaking, it acts as a \emph{toggle switch}. If something, in a
% given mode, is supposed to be visible, \enquote{quoting} hides it;
% conversely, if it is supposed not to, it makes it visible.
%
% As shown above, \enquote{quoting} means inserting one straight
% double quote (|"|) \emph{before} the letter that is to be acted
% upon. Its effects depend on the mode which is currently selected,
% either |novoc|, |voc| or |fullvoc|:---
%
% \paragraph{\texttt{novoc}} In this mode, \enquote{quoting}
% essentially means make visible something that ought not to be so.
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Quoting a vowel, either short or long, makes the
%   \arb[trans]{.dammaT}, \arb[trans]{fat.haT} or \arb[trans]{kasraT}
%   appear above the appropriate consonant:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |`"ullima| |`ilm-a| |'l-hay'aT-i| \arb[novoc]{`"ullima `ilm-a
%   'l-hay'aT-i} \arb[trans]{`"ullima `ilm-a 'l-hay'aT-i}, |ya.gz"UA|
%   \arb[novoc]{ya.gz"UA} \arb[trans]{ya.gz"UA}.
% \end{quote}
% \item The same applies when \enquote{quoting} the
%   \arb[trans]{tanwIn}:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |wa-'innA| |sawfa| |tudriku-nA| |'l-manAyA| |muqadd"araT"aN|
%   \arb[novoc]{wa-'innA sawfa tudriku-nA 'l-manAyA muqadd"araT"aN},
%   \arb[trans]{wa-'innA sawfa tudriku-nA 'l-manAyA muqadd"araT"aN}.
% \end{quote}
% \item \label{ref:quoted-sukun-b}If no vowel follows the straight
%   double quote, then a \arb[trans]{sukUn} is put above the preceding
%   consonant:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |qAla isma`"| \arb[novoc]{qAla isma`"} \arb[trans]{qAla isma`"},
%   |jA'at"| |hinduN| \arb[voc]{jA'at" \uc{hinduN}}
%   \arb[trans]{jA'at" \uc{hinduN}}, |^sabIhuN| |bi-man| |q"u.ti`at"|
%   |qadamA-hu| \arb[novoc]{^sabIhuN bi-man q"u.ti`at" qadamA-hu}
%   \arb[trans]{^sabIhuN bi-man q"u.ti`at" qadamA-hu}.
% \end{quote}
% \item At the commencement of a word, the straight double quote is
%   interpreted as \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i}:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |wa-"ust"u`mila| \arb[novoc]{wa-"ust"u`mila}
%   \arb[trans]{wa-"ust"u`mila}, |huwa| |"inhazama| \arb[novoc]{huwa
%   "inhazama} \arb[trans]{huwa "inhazama}, |al-"intiqA.d-u|
%   \arb[novoc]{al-"intiqA.d-u} \arb[trans]{al-"intiqA.d-u}.
% \end{quote}
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \paragraph{\texttt{voc}}
% In accordance with the general rule, in this mode, \enquote{quoting}
% makes the vowels and the \arb[trans]{tanwIn} disappear, should this
% feature be required for some reason:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Short and long vowels:---
%   \begin{quote}
%     |q"Ala q"A'iluN| \arb[voc]{q"Ala q"A'iluN} \arb[trans]{q"Ala
%     q"A'iluN}, |ibn-u 'abI 'u.saybi`aT-"a| \arb[voc]{ibn-u 'abI
%     'u.saybi`aT-"a} \arb[trans]{\uc{ibn-u} \uc{'abI}
%     \uc{'u.saybi`aT-"a}}.
%   \end{quote}
% \item \arb[trans]{tanwIn}:---
%   \begin{quote}
%     |madInaT"aN| \arb[voc]{madInaT"aN} \arb[trans]{madInaT"aN},
%     |bAb"aN| \arb[voc]{bAb"aN} \arb[trans]{bAb"aN}, |hud"aN_A|
%     \arb[voc]{hud"aN_A} \arb[trans]{hud"aN_A}, |^say'"iN|
%     \arb[voc]{^say'"iN} \arb[trans]{^say'"iN}.
%   \end{quote}
% \end{enumerate}
% One may more usefully \enquote{quote} the initial vowels to write
% the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT} above the \arb[trans]{'alif} or insert a
% straight double quote after a consonant not followed by a vowel to
% make the \arb[trans]{sukUn} appear:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i}:---
%   \begin{quote}
%     |fI "istiq.sA'-iN| \arb[voc]{fI "istiq.sA'-iN} \arb[trans]{fI
%     "istiq.sA'-iN}, |wa-"istiq.sA'-uN| \arb[voc]{wa-"istiq.sA'-uN}
%     \allowbreak\arb[trans]{wa-"istiq.sA'-uN}, |qAla| |"uhrub|
%     |fa-lan| |tuqtala| \arb[voc]{qAla "uhrub fa-lan tuqtala}
%     \arb[trans]{qAla "uhrub fa-lan tuqtala}.
%   \end{quote}
% \item \arb[trans]{sukUn}:---
%   \begin{quote}
%     |qAla| |"uqtul"| |fa-lan| |tuqtala| \arb[voc]{qAla "uqtul"
%     fa-lan tuqtala} \arb[trans]{qAla "uqtul" fa-lan tuqtala}, |mA|
%     |jA'at"| |mini| |imra'aTiN| \arb[voc]{mA jA'at" mini imra'aTiN}
%     \arb[trans]{mA jA'at" mini imra'aTiN}, |kam"| |qad"| |ma.dat"|
%     |min"| |laylaTiN| \arb[voc]{kam" qad" ma.dat" min" laylaTiN}
%     \arb[trans]{kam" qad" ma.dat" min"
%     laylaTiN}.\label{ref:quoted-sukun-e}
%   \end{quote}
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \paragraph{\texttt{fullvoc}}
% In this mode, \enquote{quoting} can be used to take away any short
% vowel (or \arb[trans]{tanwIn}, as seen above) or any
% \arb[trans]{sukUn}:---
% \begin{quote}\label{ref:qrannun-full}
%   |al-jamr-u| |'l-.sayfiyy-u| |'lla_dI| |kAna|
%   \verb+bi-q"rAn"|nUn-a+ \arb[fullvoc]{al-jamr-u 'l-.sayfiyy-u
%   'lla_dI kAna \uc{bi-q"rAn"|nUn-a}} \arb[trans]{al-jamr-u
%   'l-.sayfiyy-u 'lla_dI kAna \uc{bi-q"rAn"|nUn-a}}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsubsection{\texorpdfstring{Quoting the
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}{Quoting the hamzah}}
% \label{sec:quoting-hamza}
% As said above in \vref{ref:hamza}, the \arb[trans]{hamzaT} is always
% written \meta{\texttt{'}}, its carrier being determined by contextual
% analysis. \enquote{Quoting} that straight single quote character
% like so: \meta{\texttt{"'}} allows to determine the carrier of the
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT} freely, without any consideration for the
% context. \Cref{tab:quoted-hamza} gives the equivalents for all the
% possible carriers the \arb[trans]{hamzaT} may take.
% 
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:quoted-hamza}: \enquote{Quoted}
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{\enquote{Quoted} \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}\\[-1em]
% \toprule Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
% & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
% & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endhead
% \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:quoted-hamza}
% \arb[novoc]{|"'} & \dmg{|"'} & \loc{|"'} & \brill{|"'} & \verb+|"'+ \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb[novoc]{A"'} & \dmg{A"'} & \loc{A"'} & \brill{A"'} & \verb|A"'| \\
% \arb[novoc]{a"'} & \dmg{a"'} & \loc{a"'} & \brill{a"'} & \verb|a"'| \\
% \arb[novoc]{u"'} & \dmg{u"'} & \loc{u"'} & \brill{u"'} & \verb|u"'| \\
% \arb[novoc]{w"'} & \dmg{w"'} & \loc{w"'} & \brill{w"'} & \verb|w"'| \\
% \arb[novoc]{i"'} & \dmg{i"'} & \loc{i"'} & \brill{i"'} & \verb|i"'| \\
% \arb[novoc]{y"'} & \dmg{y"'} & \loc{y"'} & \brill{y"'} & \verb|y"'| \\
% \end{longtable}
%
% As one can see from \vref{tab:quoted-hamza}, the carrier of the
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT} is inferred from the letter that precedes the
% straight double quote \meta{\texttt{"}}. Of course, any
% \enquote{quoted} \arb[trans]{hamzaT} may take a short vowel, which
% is to be written \emph{after} the Arab\TeX\ equivalent for the
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT} itself, namely \meta{\texttt{'}}. For example,
% \arb[voc]{w"'a} is encoded \meta{\texttt{w"'a}}, while
% \arb[voc]{w"'"} is encoded \meta{\texttt{w"'"}}. In the latter
% example, the second straight double quote encodes the
% \arb[trans]{sukUn} in |voc| mode in accordance with the rule laid
% above \vpagerefrange{ref:quoted-sukun-b}{ref:quoted-sukun-e}.
% \begin{quote}
%   |'a`dA'ukum| \arb[fullvoc]{'a`dA'ukum} \arb[trans]{'a`dA'ukum},
%   \verb+'a`dA|"'ukum+ \arb[fullvoc]{'a`daA"'|"'ukum}
%   \arb[trans]{'a`dA|"'ukum}, |'a`dA'ikum| \arb[fullvoc]{'a`dA'ikum}
%   \arb[trans]{'a`dA'ikum}, \verb+'a`dA|"'ikum+
%   \arb[fullvoc]{'a`daA"'|"'ikum} \arb[trans]{'a`dA|"'ikum}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsection{The \enquote{pipe} character (\textbar)}
% \label{sec:pipe}
% In the terminology of Arab\TeX, the \enquote{pipe} character
% \enquote*{\textbar} is referred to as the \enquote{invisible
% consonant}. Hence, as already seen above in
% \vref{sec:quoting-hamza}, its usage to encode the
% \arb[trans]{hamzaT} alone, with no carrier: \verb+|"'+
% \arb[novoc]{|"'}.
%
% Aside from that usage, the \enquote{pipe} character is used to
% prevent almost any of the contextual analysis rules that are
% described above from being applied. Two examples have already been
% given to demonstrate how that particular mechanism works in
% \vref{fn:pipe-allah-01} and in \vref{fn:pipe-madda}. One more example
% follows:---
% \begin{quote}
%   \verb+bi-qrAn|nUn-a+ \arb[voc]{\uc{bi-qrAn|nUn-a}}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{bi-qrAn|nUn-a}}, \enquote{in Crannon} (Thessaly,
%   Greece).\footnote{See more context \vpageref{ref:qrannun-full}.}
% \end{quote}
% As one can see, the \enquote{pipe} character between the two
% \meta{n} prevents the necessary \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} rule
% (\cpageref{ref:necessary-tashdid}) from being applied.
%
% \subsection{Putting back on broken contextual analysis rules}
% \label{sec:arbnull}
% \NEWfeature{v1.7} In complex documents such as critical editions
% where footnotes and other kind of annotations can be particularly
% abundant, the contextual analysis rules that are described above may
% be broken by \LaTeX\ commands. To take an example, consider the
% following:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  This is wrong:
  \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
    fa-lammA ra'aW\LRfootnote{A footnote which interferes with the
      contextual analysis.} 'l-na^gma...
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% According to the rule stated \vpageref{sec:diphthong-alif}, the
% diphthong in \arb[trans]{ra'aW} must be resolved into two simple
% vowels before the \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i}, as
% \arb[fullvoc]{ra'aW 'l-na^gma}.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\arbnull} The \cs{arbnull} command is provided so as
% to put back on contextual analysis rules in such situations. It
% takes as argument the word that must be brought back for any given
% rule to be applied as it ought to. Depending on the contexts that
% have to be restored, \cs{arbnull} may be found just after or before
% Arabic words.%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
In any case, \emph{no space must be left} after or before the Arabic
word that \cs{arbnull} is applied to.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% The following shows how the Arabic should have been written in the
% preceding example and gives further illustrations of the same
% technique:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
    fa-lammA ra'aW\arbnull{'l-na^gma}\LRfootnote{A footnote which
      interferes with the contextual analysis.} 'l-na^gma...

    qAla\LRfootnote{A footnote which interferes with the contextual
      analysis.} \arbnull{qAla}uhrub fa-lan tuqtala.

    \uc{z}ayduN\arbnull{ibnu}\LRfootnote{A footnote which
      interferes with the contextual analysis.}
    \arbnull{zayduN}ibn-u \uc{`a}mriNU.\LRfootnote{See
      \vref{fn:zayd-is-son}.}
  \end{arab}
  
  \begin{arab}[trans]
    \uc{z}ayduN\arbnull{ibnu}\LRfootnote{A footnote which
      interferes with the contextual analysis.}
    \arbnull{zayduN}ibn-u \uc{`a}mriNU.\LRfootnote{See
      \vref{fn:zayd-is-son}.}
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
%
% \subsection{\texorpdfstring{Stretching characters: the
% \arb[trans]{ta.twIl}}{Stretching characters: the taṭwīl}}
% \label{sec:tatwil}
% A double hyphen \meta{-\,-} stretches the ligature in which one
% letter is bound to another. Although it is always better to rely on
% automatic stretching, this technique can be used to a modest extent,
% especially to increase legibility of letters and diacritics which
% stand one above the other:--
% \begin{quote}
%   |.hunayn-u| |bn-u| |'is.h--_aq-a| \arb[voc]{.hunayn-u bn-u
%   'is.h--_aq-a} \arb[trans]{\uc{.hunayn-u} bn-u \uc{'is.h--_aq-a}}
% \end{quote} 
%
% \subsection{Digits}
% \label{sec:digits}
% \subsubsection{Numerical figures}
% \label{sec:numerical-figures}
% The \emph{Indian numbers}, \arb[trans]{al-raqam-u 'l-hindiyy-u}, are
% ten in number, and they are compounded in exactly the same way as
% our numerals:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |1874| \arb[voc]{1874}, |123-456,789| \arb[voc]{123-456,789}, |fI|
%   |sanaT-i| |1024| \arb[voc]{fI sanaT-i 1024}
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsubsection{The \emph{abjad}}
% \label{sec:abjad}
% The numbers may also be expressed with letters from right to left
% arranged in accordance with the order of the Hebrew and Aramaic
% alphabets \parencite[see][i. 28 B--C]{Wright}. The
% \arb[trans]{'abjad} numbers are usually distinguished from the
% surrounding words by a stroke placed over them.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\abjad} \NEWfeature{v.1.1} \arb[trans]{'abjad}
% numbers are inserted with the \cs{abjad}\marg{number} command in any
% of the |voc|, |fullvoc| and |novoc| modes, where \meta{number} may
% be any number between 1 and 1999, like so:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |\abjad{45}| |kitAbu-hu| |fI| |'l-`AdAt-i| \arb[voc]{\abjad{45}
%   kitAbu-hu fI 'l-`AdAt-i} \arb[trans]{\abjad{45} kitAbu-hu fI
%   'l-`AdAt-i}.
% \end{quote}
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{a.} As can be seen in the above given example,
%   \package{arabluatex} expresses the \arb[trans]{'abjad} numbers in
%   Roman numerals if it finds the \cs{abjad} command in any of the
%   transliteration modes.
%
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{b.} \cs{abjad} may also be found outside
%   Arabic environments. In that case, \package{arabluatex} does not
%   print the stroke as a distinctive mark over the number for it is
%   not surrounded by other Arabic words. In case one nonetheless
%   wishes to print the stroke, he can use the \cs{aemph} command that
%   is described below in \vref{sec:emphasis}:---
%   \begin{quote}
%     |The| |\arb[trans]{'abjad}| |number| |for| |1874| |is|
%     |\abjad{1874}| The \arb[trans]{'abjad} number for 1874 is
%     \abjad{1874}.
%
%     |The| |\arb[trans]{'abjad}| |number| |for| |1874| |is|
%     |\aemph*{\abjad{1874}}| The \arb[trans]{'abjad} number for 1874
%     is \aemph*{\abjad{1874}}.
%   \end{quote}
% \end{quoting}
%
% \NEWfeature{v1.12}\cs{abjad} may also be used to convert values of
% counters into \arb[trans]{'ab^gad} numbers, like so:--- %
% \changes{v1.12}{2018/06/24}{\cs{abjad} can now process \LaTeX\
% counters}%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  The \arb[trans]{'ab^gad} number for the current page (\thepage) is
  \abjad{\thepage}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
%
% This technique can be used to produce abjad-numbered lists as will
% be demonstrated \vpageref{ref:abjad-list}.
%
% \subsection{Additional characters}
% \label{sec:additional-characters}
% In the manuscripts, the unpointed letters, \arb[trans]{al-.hurUfu
% 'l-muhmalaTu}, are sometimes further distinguished from the pointed
% by various contrivances, as explained in \textcite[i. 4
% B--C]{Wright}. One may find these letters written in a smaller size
% below the line, or with a dot or another mark below. As representing
% all the possible contrivances leads to much complexity and also
% needs to be agreed among scholars, new ways of encoding them will be
% proposed and gradually included as \package{arabluatex} will mature.
%
% For the time being, the following is included:---
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:additional-arabic-codings}: Additional Arabic
% codings}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Additional Arabic codings}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} \\ \midrule
% \endhead \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:additional-arabic-codings}
% \arb[novoc]{.b} & \dmg{.b} & \loc{.b} & \brill{.b} & |.b| \\
% \arb[novoc]{^d} & \dmg{^d} & \loc{^d} & \brill{^d} & |^d| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.f} & \dmg{.f} & \loc{.f} & \brill{.f} & |.f| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.q} & \dmg{.q} & \loc{.q} & \brill{.q} & |.q| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.k} & \dmg{.k} & \loc{.k} & \brill{.k} & |.k| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.n} & \dmg{.n} & \loc{.n} & \brill{.n} & |.n| \\
% \arb[novoc]{((} & \dmg{((} & \loc{((} & \brill{((} & |((| \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb[novoc]{))} & \dmg{))} & \loc{))} & \brill{))} & |))| \\
% \end{longtable}
% 
% \begin{quote}
%   |'afAman.tUs| Gal.(M) |.fmn.n.ts| (sic) Gal.(E1),
%   \arb[novoc]{'afAman.tUs} Gal.(M) \arb[novoc]{.fmn.n.ts} (sic)
%   Gal.(E1), \arb[trans]{'afAman.tUs} Gal.(M) \arb[trans]{.fmn.n.ts}
%   (sic) Gal.(E1).
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsection{Arabic emphasis}
% \label{sec:emphasis}
% As already seen in \vref{sec:abjad}, the \arb[trans]{'abjad} numbers
% are distinguished from the surrounding words by a stroke placed
% over them. This technique is used to distinguish further words that
% are proper names or book titles.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\aemph} One may use the \cs{aemph}\marg{Arabic
% text} command to use the same technique to emphasize words, like so:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |\abjad{45}:| |kitAbu-hu| |\aemph{fI| |'l-`AdAt-i}|
%   \arb[voc]{\abjad{45}: kitAbu-hu \aemph{fI 'l-`AdAt-i}}
%   \arb[trans]{\abjad{45}: kitAbu-hu \aemph{fI 'l-\uc{`AdAt-i}}}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{a.} As the above example shows,
%   \package{arabluatex} places the horizontal stroke \emph{under} the
%   emphasized words in any of the transliteration modes.
%
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{b.} \NEWfeature{v1.9.2}\DescribeMacro{\aemph*}
%   \cs{aemph*} is also provided should one wish to always have the
%   horizontal stroke printed over the emphasized words, like so:
%   |\abjad{45}:| |kitAbu-hu| |\aemph*{fI| |'l-`AdAt-i}|
%   \arb[voc]{\abjad{45}: kitAbu-hu \aemph*{fI 'l-`AdAt-i}}
%   \arb[trans]{\abjad{45}: kitAbu-hu \aemph*{fI 'l-\uc{`AdAt-i}}}.
% \end{quoting}
% 
% \section{Arabic poetry}
% \label{sec:poetry}
% \NEWfeature{v1.6} \package{arabluatex} provides a special
% environment for typesetting Arabic poetry. Every line in this
% environment must end with |\\|.
%
% \DescribeEnv{arabverse} The |arabverse| environment may take up to
% six optional \enquote*{named arguments} each of which is set using
% the syntax \meta{key}$=$\meta{value}, like so:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  \begin{arabverse}[key1=value1, key2=value2, ...]
    <verses>
  \end{arabverse}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% The description of the optional arguments follows:---
%
% \DescribeOption{mode} |mode|$=$\meta{mode}, either |voc|, |fullvoc|,
% |novoc| or |trans|. The default mode is the one that is set at load
% time as already seen \vref{sec:options}.
%
% \DescribeOption{width} |width|$=$\meta{length}
% \hfill\arabluaverb{Default: 0.3\linewidth}\\ The default width of
% each hemistich that the verse consists of. It may be expressed in
% any accepted unit of measurement, such as |4cm| or |2in|. However,
% one must keep in mind that the total length of the two hemistichs
% added to the one of the gutter that separates them must not exceed
% the length of the base line, unless one wishes to have the
% hemistichs distributed on subsequent lines.
%
% \DescribeOption{gutter} |gutter|$=$\meta{width}
% \hfill\arabluaverb{Default: 0.15 x (hemistich width)}\\ The gutter
% consists of the blank space that is between the two hemistichs. By
% default, it is commensurate with the width of the hemistich, but it
% may be expressed in any accepted unit of measurement as well.
%
% \DescribeOption{metre} |metre|$=$\meta{name}
% \hfill\arabluaverb{Default: none}\\ If the name of the metre is
% expressed, it is printed after the lines and set flush left in
% |voc|, |fullvoc| and |novoc| modes or flush right in |trans| mode.
%
% \DescribeOption{delim} |delim|$=$|true|\verb+|+|false|
% \hfill\arabluaverb{Default: false}\\ This named argument does not
% need a value as it defaults to |true| if it is used. If so, a
% delimiter is printed between each of the hemistichs. By default, it
% is set to the \enquote*{star} character \enquote*{*}. The
% \DescribeMacro{\SetHemistichDelim}\cs{SetHemistichDelim}\marg{delimiter}
% command may be used at any point of the document to change this
% default setting.
%
% \DescribeOption{utf} |utf|$=$|true|\verb+|+|false|
% \hfill\arabluaverb{Default: false}\\ As the preceding one, this
% named argument does not need a value as it defaults to |true| if it
% is used. If so, Unicode Arabic input is expected in the |arabverse|
% environment instead of \textsc{ascii} Arab\TeX\ or Buckwalter input
% schemes. See \vref{sec:unicode-input} for more details.
%
% \DescribeOption{export} |export|$=$|true|\verb+|+|false|
% \hfill\arabluaverb{default: false}\\
% \NEWfeature{v.1.13} This named argument does not need a value as it
% defaults to |true| if it is used. If |export| is set as a global
% option as well (see above \vpageref{export-mode}), all the lines
% will be converted to Unicode and exported to the external selected
% file. See below \vref{sec:arabtex2utf} for more details.
% 
% \DescribeMacro{\bayt} Inside the |arabverse| environment, each line
% is typeset by the \cs{bayt} command which takes two mandatory
% arguments and may accept one optional argument. Additionally, every
% \cs{bayt} command \emph{must} be followed with |\\| like so:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  \cs{bayt}\marg{\arb[trans]{.sadr}}\oarg{\arb[trans]{tadwIr}}%
  \marg{\arb[trans]{`ajuz}}|\\|
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% That two subsequent hemistichs should be connected with one another
% is technically named \arb[trans]{tadwIr}. Should that happen, either
% the \arb[trans]{.sadr} or the \arb[trans]{`ajuz} or both of them,
% may be connected to one another by letters that are naturally bound
% to the following or the preceding ones over the
% \arb[trans]{tadwIr}. The optional argument of the \cs{bayt} command
% is designed to deal with the various situations that may arise:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item If the two hemistichs be connected with one another by a
% prominent horizontal flexible stroke, the \arb[trans]{ta.twIl} should
% be used, like so: |[--]| (see \vref{sec:tatwil}). Of course, the
% ending word of the \arb[trans]{.sadr} and the word at the
% commencement of the \arb[trans]{`a^guz} must have the
% \arb[trans]{ta.twIl} too so that the proper shapes of the letters be
% selected. Consider for example the following:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\begin{arabverse}[mode=fullvoc, width=.3\linewidth]
  \bayt{lA 'ar_A man `ahidtu fI-hA fa-'abkI 'l---}[--]{---yawma
    dalhaN wa-mA yaruddu 'l-bukA'u}\\
\end{arabverse}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% As one can see, \emph{triple hyphens} have been used. In the
% \arb[trans]{.sadr}, the first hyphen triggers the rules that are
% related to the definite article and the \arb[trans]{'alif-u
% 'l-wa.sl-i},\footnote{See \vref{ref:definite-article}} while the
% following two select the figure of the letter \arb[trans]{lAm}
% connected with a following letter. In the \arb[trans]{`a^guz}, the
% last two hyphens select the letter \arb[trans]{yA'} connected with a
% preceding letter, while the first one is simply discarded in this
% mode, but still may appear as it should, if the |trans| mode be
% selected:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\begin{arabverse}[mode=trans, width=.4\linewidth]
  \bayt{lA 'ar_A man `ahidtu fI-hA fa-'abkI 'l---}[--]{---yawma
    dalhaN wa-mA yaruddu 'l-bukA'u}\\
\end{arabverse}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% \item In some other cases, it may seem difficult, if not fairly
%   impossible, to split a given word into two parts. This happens
%   mostly because of the \arb[trans]{^saddaT}. Consider for example
%   the following:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\begin{arabverse}[mode=fullvoc, width=.25\linewidth, gutter=1cm]
  \bayt{.gayra 'annI qad 'asta`Inu `al_A 'l-ha--}[--mmi ]{'i_dA
  _haffa bi-'l-_tawiyyi 'l-na^gA'u}\\
  \bayt{bi-zaf--UfiN ka-'anna-hA hiq--laTuN}[ 'ummu ]{ri'AliN
  dawwiyyaTuN saqfA'u}\\
\end{arabverse}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% In the first line, the word \arb{al-hammi} should be split into
% \arb{al-ham"-- --mi} as the first part of it belongs to the
% \arb[trans]{.sadr} and the second to the \arb[trans]{`a^guz}. One
% solution to avoid splitting this word in such a way is to write
% inside the \arb[trans]{tadwIr} the part of it that belongs to either
% hemistich, without omitting to add a space after it. In the second
% line, the word \arb{'ummu} should be split into \arb{'um"-- --mu},
% so that the only way to avoid splitting it into two parts is to
% write it all inside the \arb[trans]{tadwIr}. In that case, as the
% word is to be placed in the middle, it has been surrounded by
% spaces.
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \paragraph{Scaling and distortion of characters}
% The |arabverse| environment and the \cs{bayt} command are designed
% to typeset the verses in a two-column, fixed width layout. This may
% result in a somewhat distorted text. Should that happen, one may
% adapt the layout by modifying the values of the above described
% |width| and |gutter| named arguments until the visual aspect of the
% layout be satisfactory. It has to be noted that distortion and
% warping may be even more perceptible in Roman than in Arabic
% characters.
%
% \paragraph{Footnotes}
% Footnotes are not set by default inside the \cs{bayt} command, but
% there are two easy ways to have them printed.
%
% If they are little in number, each footnote may be split into pairs
% of \cs{footnote\allowbreak{}mark}|{}| (please mind the braces or
% \enquote{declare} |footnotemark| using \cs{MkArbBreak} to take it
% out of the Arabic environment\footnote{See
% \vref{sec:declare-new-commands}.}) in the argument of the \cs{bayt}
% command and \cs{footnotetext} outside the \cs{bayt} command.
%
% If the footnotes are abundant in number, it is advised to load the
% \package{footnotehyper} package which \package{arabluatex} will then
% use to typeset any kind of footnote that is called from the
% arguments of the \cs{bayt} command.\footnote{The \package{footnote}
% package can also be used for the same effect. However, it must be
% loaded \emph{after} \package{arabluatex}.}
%
% \paragraph{Line numbering}
% Inside the |arabverse| environment, the |linenumbers| environment of
% the \package{lineno} package can be used to have the lines of
% succeeding verses numbered. Please refer to the documentation of
% this package for more information or to the example below for a
% basic implementation of this technique.
%
% \subsection{Example}
% \label{sec:poetry-example}
% Here follow the first lines of \arb[trans]{\upshape{}\uc{i}mru'u
% 'l-\uc{q}aysi}'s \arb[trans]{\uc{m}u`allaqaT}. In this example,
% \cs{SetArbDflt*} has been selected so as to mark the
% \arb[trans]{'id.gAm} that is fit to this declamatory
% poetry:---\footnote{Please note that for the time being only the
% assimilation rules that are laid on \vref{ref:assimilation} are
% applied. See \vref{sec:classic-modern-typesetting} for more
% information. None of the editions of the
% \arb[trans]{\uc{M}u`allaqAt} that I know of feature the
% \arb[trans]{'id.gAm} in the Arabic text, although it is often
% strongly marked in declamation.}%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\begin{arab}[fullvoc]
  qAla \uc{i}mru'u 'l-\uc{q}aysi fI mu`allaqati-hi:
\end{arab}

\begin{arabverse}[mode=fullvoc, metre={(al-.darbu 'l-_tAnI mina
  'l-`arU.di 'l-'_Ul_A mina 'l-.tawIli)}]
  \SetArbDflt*
  \begin{linenumbers*}
    \bayt{qifA nabki min _dikr_A .habIbiN wa-manzili}{bi-saq.ti
      'l-liw_A bayna \uc{'l-d}a_hUli fa-\uc{.h}awmali}\\
    \bayt{fa-\uc{t}U.di.ha fa-'l-\uc{m}iqrATi lam ya`fu
      rasmu-hA}{limA nasa^gat-hA min ^ganUbiN wa-^sam'ali}\\
    \bayt{tar_A ba`ara 'l-'ar'Ami fI `ara.sAti-hA}{wa-qI`Ani-hA
      ka-'anna-hu .habbu fulfuli}\\
    \bayt{ka-'annI .gadATa 'l-bayni yawma ta.hammalUA}{lad_A
      samurAti 'l-.hayyi nAqifu .han.zali}\\
    \bayt{wuqUfaN bi-hA .sa.hbI `alayya ma.tiyya-hum}{yaqUlUna lA
      tahlik 'asaN_A wa-ta^gammali}\\
    \bayt{wa-'inna ^sifA'I `abraTuN muharAqaTuN}{fa-hal `inda rasmiN
      dAsiriN min mu`awwali}\\
  \end{linenumbers*}
\end{arabverse}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
%   qAla \uc{i}mru'u 'l-\uc{q}aysi fI mu`allaqati-hi:
% \end{arab}
% 
% \begin{arabverse}[mode=fullvoc, metre={(al-.darbu 'l-_tAnI mina
%  'l-`arU.di 'l-'_Ul_A mina 'l-.tawIli)}, width=.25\linewidth]
%  \SetArbDflt*
%   \begin{linenumbers*}
%     \bayt{qifA nabki min _dikr_A .habIbiN wa-manzili}{bi-saq.ti
%     'l-liw_A bayna \uc{'l-d}a_hUli fa-\uc{.h}awmali}\\
%     \bayt{fa-\uc{t}U.di.ha fa-'l-\uc{m}iqrATi lam ya`fu
%     rasmu-hA}{limA nasa^gat-hA min ^ganUbiN wa-^sam'ali}\\
%     \bayt{tar_A ba`ara 'l-'ar'Ami fI `ara.sAti-hA}{wa-qI`Ani-hA
%     ka-'anna-hu .habbu fulfuli}\\
%     \bayt{ka-'annI .gadATa 'l-bayni yawma ta.hammalUA}{lad_A
%     samurAti
%     'l-.hayyi nAqifu .han.zali}\\
%     \bayt{wuqUfaN bi-hA .sa.hbI `alayya ma.tiyya-hum}{yaqUlUna lA
%     tahlik 'asaN_A wa-ta^gammali}\\
%     \bayt{wa-'inna ^sifA'I `abraTuN muharAqaTuN}{fa-hal `inda rasmiN
%     dAsiriN min mu`awwali}\\
%   \end{linenumbers*}
% \end{arabverse}
%
% \medskip
%
% \begin{arab}[trans]
%   qAla \uc{i}mru'u 'l-\uc{q}aysi fI mu`allaqati-hi:
% \end{arab}
% 
% \begin{arabverse}[mode=trans, metre={(al-.darbu 'l-_tAnI mina
%  'l-`arU.di 'l-'_Ul_A mina 'l-.tawIli)}, width=.4\linewidth]
%  \SetArbDflt*
%   \begin{linenumbers*}
%     \bayt{qifA nabki min _dikr_A .habIbiN wa-manzili}{bi-saq.ti
%     'l-liw_A bayna \uc{'l-d}a_hUli fa-\uc{.h}awmali}\\
%     \bayt{fa-\uc{t}U.di.ha fa-'l-\uc{m}iqrATi lam ya`fu
%     rasmu-hA}{limA nasa^gat-hA min ^ganUbiN wa-^sam'ali}\\
%     \bayt{tar_A ba`ara 'l-'ar'Ami fI `ara.sAti-hA}{wa-qI`Ani-hA
%     ka-'anna-hu .habbu fulfuli}\\
%     \bayt{ka-'annI .gadATa 'l-bayni yawma ta.hammalUA}{lad_A
%     samurAti
%     'l-.hayyi nAqifu .han.zali}\\
%     \bayt{wuqUfaN bi-hA .sa.hbI `alayya ma.tiyya-hum}{yaqUlUna lA
%     tahlik 'asaN_A wa-ta^gammali}\\
%     \bayt{wa-'inna ^sifA'I `abraTuN muharAqaTuN}{fa-hal `inda rasmiN
%     dAsiriN min mu`awwali}\\
%   \end{linenumbers*}
% \end{arabverse}
% 
% \section{Special applications}
% \label{sec:special-applications}
% \phantomsection
% \paragraph{Linguistics}
% The same horizontal stroke as the \arb[trans]{ta.twIl} (see
% \vref{sec:tatwil}) may be encoded \meta{B}; \meta{BB} will receive
% the \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}. This is useful to make linguistic
% annotations and comments on vowels:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |Bu| |Ba| |Bi| |BuN| |BaN| |BiN| \arb[voc]{Bu Ba Bi BuN BaN BiN}
%   \arb[trans]{Bu Ba Bi BuN BaN BiN}, |BBu| |BBa| |BBi| \arb[voc]{BBu
%   BBa BBi} \arb[trans]{BBu BBa BBi}, |B--aN| \arb[voc]{B--aN}
%   \arb[trans]{B--aN}, |B"| \arb[voc]{B"}\,.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{Brackets}
% \phantomsection
% \NEWfeature{v1.4.3} The various bracket symbols are useful in
% technical documents such as critical editions for indicating that
% some words or some letters must be added or
% removed. \package{arabluatex} will automatically fit those symbols
% to the direction of the text. For the time being, the following
% symbols are supported:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item parentheses: |()|
% \item square brackets: |[]|
% \item angle brackets: |<>|
% \item braces: |{}|
% \end{itemize}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\abraces} Parentheses, square and angle brackets may
% be input directly at the keyboard; however, words or letters that
% are to be read between braces must be passed as arguments to the
% \cs{abraces} command:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \begin{arab}
    \abraces{wa-qAla} 'inna 'abI kAna mina 'l-muqAtilaTi
    wa-kAna--<--t> 'ummI min `u.zamA'i buyUti 'l-zamAzimaTi.
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \paragraph{Additional Arabic marks}
% \label{sec:arabic-marks}
% In addition to common letters, many symbols and ligatures are
% encoded in Arabic Unicode standard, such as honorifics consisting of
% complex ligatures, and annotation signs used in the
% \arb[trans]{\uc{qur'An}} or in classical poetry.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\arbmark}
% \NEWfeature{v1.11}\cs{arbmark}\marg{shorthand} can be used to insert
% such characters either in Unicode or in romanized Arabic
% environments. It takes as argument a shorthand defined beforehand in
% a default list which consists of the following
% at the time of writing:---\\
% \begin{longtable}{llp{.3\linewidth}p{.3\linewidth}}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:arabtex-additional-marks}: Additional Arabic
% marks}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Additional Arabic marks}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Codepoint & Shorthand & Glyph & Transliteration \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Codepoint & Shorthand & Glyph & Transliteration \\ \midrule
% \endhead\label{tab:arabtex-additional-marks}%
% |FDFD| & |bismillah| & \arb{\arbmark{bismillah}} &
% \arbmark{bismillah} \\
% |FDF5| & |salam| & \arb{\arbmark{salam}} & \arbmark{salam} \\
% |FDFA| & |slm| & \arb{\arbmark{slm}} & \arbmark{slm} \\
% |FDFB| & |jalla| & \arb{\arbmark{jalla}} & \arbmark{jalla} \\
% \end{longtable}
% 
% \DescribeMacro{\newarbmark} \NEWfeature{v1.11} \cs{newarbmark} is
% also provided should one wish to define new marks in addition to the
% marks defined above. This command takes three arguments, like so:---
% \arabluabox{\cs{newarbmark}\marg{shorthand}\marg{RTL
% codepoint}\marg{LTR rendition}}
%
% As regards the right-to-left codepoint, it may be either typed in
% Unicode or selected as Unicode codepoint. To that end, the \LaTeX\
% command \arabluaverb{\symbol{"XYZT}} or its plain \TeX\ variant
% \arabluaverb{\char"XYZT\relax} may be used, where |XYZT| are
% uppercase hex digits (|0| to |9| or |A| to |F|).
%
% It is also possible to use the so-called `|^^^^| notation' like so:
% \arabluaverb{^^^^xyzt}, where |xyzt| are lowercase hex digits (|0|
% to |9| or |a| to |f|).
%
% As regards the third argument (left-to-right rendition), it may be
% either left empty or typed by means of
% \cs{arb}|[trans]|\marg{arabtex code} so as to have it printed in
% romanized Arabic.%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  It must be noted that \cs{newarbmark} expects Arab\TeX\ input scheme
  inside \cs{arb}|[trans]{}| to the exclusion of \textsf{buckwalter}
  input scheme.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% 
% The example below provides an implementation of this technique. It
% may be observed that \cs{arbcolor} is used so as to have the marks
% printed in red:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \SetArbDflt*
  \newarbmark{sly}{\arbcolor[red]{^^^^06d6}}{}
  \newarbmark{jim}{\arbcolor[red]{^^^^06da}}{}
  \begin{arab}
    sUraTu 'l-nisA'i, 19:
  \end{arab}
  \begin{center}
    \begin{arab}
      \arbmark{bismillah}
    \end{arab}
  \end{center}
  \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
    y_a'ayyuhA 'lla_dIna 'a'manUA lA ya.hillu la-kum 'an tari_tUA
    'l-nisA'a karhaN\arbmark{sly} wa-lA ta`.dulU-hunna li-ta_dhabUA
    bi-ba`.di mA 'a'taytumU-hunna 'illA 'an ya'tIna bi-fA.hi^saTiN
    mubayyinaTiN\arbmark{jim} wa-`A^sirU-hunna
    bi-'l-ma`rUfi\arbmark{jim} fa-'in karihtumU-hunna fa-`as_A_a
    'an takrahUA ^say'aN wa-ya^g`ala 'l-l_ahu fI-hi _hayraN
    ka_tIraN ((19))
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \section{Color}
% \label{sec:color}
% \NEWfeature{v1.12}\package{arabluatex} is able to render in color
% either words, parts of words or diacritics. As the techniques
% implemented in this section may lead to some complexity, the reader
% should first become well acquainted with the following
% points:\footnote{Regarding the colors themselves and the way new
% colors can be defined in addition to those that are already
% available, please refer to the \package{xcolor} package.}---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item The \enquote{pipe} character (\textbar, \vref{sec:pipe});
% \item \enquote*{Quoting} technique (\vref{sec:quoting}), and more
%   specifically \enquote*{quoting the \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}
%   (\vpageref{sec:quoting-hamza});
% \item Putting back on broken contextual analysis rules
%   (\vref{sec:arbnull});
% \item Arabic marks (\vref{sec:arabic-marks}).
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\arbcolor} \cs{arbcolor} takes the text to be colored
% into \meta{color} as an argument:---
% \arabluabox{\cs{arbcolor}\oarg{color}\marg{Arabic text}}
% 
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \begin{arab}
    \arbcolor[red]{al-bAbu 'l-_hAmisu} fI .tabaqAti 'l-'a.tibbA'i
    'lla_dIna kAnUA mun_du zamAni \uc{^gAlInUsa} wa-qarIbaN
    min-hu. \arbcolor[red]{\uc{^gAlInUsu}}: wa-li-na.da` 'awwalaN
    kalAmaN kulliyyaN fI 'a_hbAri \uc{^gAlInUsa} wa-mA kAna
    `alay-hi...
  \end{arab}
  \begin{arab}[trans]
    \arbcolor[red]{al-bAbu 'l-_hAmisu} fI .tabaqAti 'l-'a.tibbA'i
    'lla_dIna kAnUA mun_du zamAni \uc{^gAlInUsa} wa-qarIbaN
    min-hu. \arbcolor[red]{\uc{^gAlInUsu}}: wa-li-na.da` 'awwalaN
    kalAmaN kulliyyaN fI 'a_hbAri \uc{^gAlInUsa} wa-mA kAna
    `alay-hi...
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% As this example shows, \cs{arbcolor} has been used to render
% headings in red with the same encoding both in vocalized and in
% romanized Arabic. The same technique also applies to syllabes inside
% words. \package{arabluatex} takes care of selecting the appropriate
% shape of the letters while coloring them:---
% \begin{quote}\textbf{\enquote*{voc} mode}:\\
%   |i^stara\arbcolor[brown]{y}tu-hu| |bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{niN}|
%   |'a`\arbcolor[blue]{^ga}ba-ka|
%   \arb{i^stara\arbcolor[brown]{y}tu-hu bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{niN}
%   'a`\arbcolor[blue]{^ga}ba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^stara\arbcolor[brown]{y}tu-hu
%   bi-_tama\-\arbcolor[red]{niN} 'a`\arbcolor[blue]{^ga}ba-ka}.
% \end{quote}
% \begin{quote}\textbf{\enquote*{fullvoc} mode}:\\
%   |i^stara\arbcolor[brown]{y}tu-hu| |bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{niN}|
%   |'a`\arbcolor[blue]{^ga}ba-ka|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{i^stara\arbcolor[brown]{y}tu-hu
%   bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{niN} 'a`\arbcolor[blue]{^ga}ba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^stara\arbcolor[brown]{y}tu-hu
%   bi-_tama\-\arbcolor[red]{niN} 'a`\arbcolor[blue]{^ga}ba-ka}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \subsection{Tricks of the trade}
% \label{sec:color-tricks}
% \paragraph{Diacritics}
% Depending on the mode selected, either |voc|, |novoc| or |fullvoc|,
% coloring the diacritics requires more attention for the insertion of
% \cs{arbcolor} may prevent contextual analysis from being applied.
%
% Furthermore, depending on the surrounding letters, the standard
% encoding of short vowels \meta{u, a, i} may result either in
% diacritics or in a connective \arb[trans]{'alif} with the
% \arb[trans]{wa.slaT} or its accompanying vowel. As for the
% \arb[trans]{sukUn}, it is generated by contextual analysis. Thus
% applying colors to bare diacritics requires them to have specific
% encodings.
%
% \Cref{tab:arbcolor-diacritics} gives the Arab\TeX\ equivalents for
% the diacritics to be printed inside or just after \cs{arbcolor}.
% 
% \begin{longtable}{lllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:arbcolor-diacritics}: Arab\TeX\ diacritics
% for \cs{arbcolor}}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Arab\TeX\ diacritics for \cs{arbcolor}}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Diacritic & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Diacritic & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & Arab\TeX\ notation \\
%        & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & \\ \midrule
% \endhead \footnotetext{See below \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:arbcolor-diacritics}
% \arb{B.a} & \dmg{.a} & \loc{.a} & \brill{.a} & \verb|.a| \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb{B.u} & \dmg{.u} & \loc{.u} & \brill{.u} & \verb|.u| \\
% \arb{B.i} & \dmg{.i} & \loc{.i} & \brill{.i} & \verb|.i| \\ \midrule
% \arb{Bo} & \dmg{o} & \loc{o} & \brill{o} & \verb|o| \\
% \end{longtable}
%
% The following examples show how the letters, or the diacritics above
% or under them or both the letters and the diacritics can be rendered
% in different colors:---
% \begin{quote}\textbf{\enquote*{voc} mode}:\\
%   |i^staraytu-hu| |bi-_taman\arbcolor[red]{iN}|
%   |'a`^g\arbcolor[red]|\allowbreak|{.a}ba-ka|
%   \arb{i^staraytu-hu bi-_taman\arbcolor[red]{iN}
%   'a`^g\arbcolor[red]{.a}ba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^staraytu-hu bi-_taman\arbcolor[red]{iN}
%   'a`^g\arbcolor[red]{.a}ba-ka}.
%   
%   |i^staraytu-hu| |bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n}iN|
%   |'a`\arbcolor[red]|\allowbreak|{^g}.aba-ka|
%   \arb{i^staraytu-hu bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n}iN
%   'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g}.aba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^staraytu-hu bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n}iN
%   'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g}.aba-ka}.
%   
%   |i^staraytu-hu| |bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n}\arbcolor[blue]{iN}|
%   |'a`\arbcolor[red]|\allowbreak|{^g}\arbcolor[blue]{.a}ba-ka|
%   \arb{i^staraytu-hu bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n}\arbcolor[blue]{iN}
%   'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g}\arbcolor[blue]{.a}ba-ka} \linebreak
%   \arb[trans]{i^staraytu-hu
%   bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n}\arbcolor[blue]{iN}
%   'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g}\arbcolor[blue]{.a}ba-ka}.
% \end{quote}
% 
% \begin{quote}\textbf{\enquote*{fullvoc} mode}:\\
%   |i^staray"\arbcolor[red]{o}tu-hu| |bi-_taman"\arbcolor[red]{iN}|
%   |'a`^g"\arbcolor[red]{.a}ba-ka|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{i^staray"\arbcolor[red]{o}tu-hu
%   bi-_taman"\arbcolor[red]{iN} 'a`^g"\arbcolor[red]{.a}ba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^staray"\arbcolor[red]{o}tu-hu
%   bi-_taman"\arbcolor[red]{iN}
%   \linebreak 'a`^g"\arbcolor[red]{.a}ba-ka}.
%   
%   |i^stara\arbcolor[red]{y"}otu-hu| |bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n"}iN|
%   |'a`\arbcolor[red]|\allowbreak|{^g"}.aba-ka|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{i^stara\arbcolor[red]{y"}otu-hu
%   bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n"}iN 'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g"}.aba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^stara\arbcolor[red]{y"}otu-hu
%   bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n"}iN 'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g"}.aba-ka}.
%   
%   |i^stara\arbcolor[red]{y"}\arbcolor[blue]{o}tu-hu|
%   |bi-_tama\arb|\allowbreak|color[red]{n"}\arbcolor[blue]{iN}|
%   |'a`\arbcolor[red]|\allowbreak|{^g"}\arb|\allowbreak%
%   |color[blue]{.a}ba-ka|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{i^stara\arbcolor[red]{y"}\arbcolor[blue]{o}tu-hu
%   bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n"}\arbcolor[blue]{iN}
%   'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g"}\arbcolor[blue]{.a}ba-ka}
%   \arb[trans]{i^stara\arbcolor[red]{y"}\arbcolor[blue]{o}tu-hu
%   bi-_tama\arbcolor[red]{n"}\arbcolor[blue]{iN}
%   'a`\arbcolor[red]{^g"}\arbcolor[blue]{.a}ba-ka}.
% \end{quote}
%
% As can be seen, |fullvoc| required the letters |y|, |n| and |^g|
% before \cs{arbcolor} to be \enquote*{quoted}. Otherwise, unwanted
% \arb[trans]{sukUn}\txtrans{s} would have been generated because of
% the absence of a vowel after those consonants.
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{tanwIn}}{tanwīn}}
% \cs{arbnull} must be used with \arb[trans]{fat.haTAn} (\arb{BaN}) so
% as to put back on contextual analysis rules:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |mu`allim\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{m}aN}|
%   \arb{mu`allim\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{m}aN}}
%   \arb[trans]{mu`allim\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{m}aN}},\\
%   |istisqA'\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{A'}aN}|
%   \arb{istisqA'\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{A'}aN}}
%   \arb[trans]{istisqA'\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{A'}aN}},\\
%   |^say'\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{ay'}aN}|
%   \arb{^say'\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{ay'}aN}}
%   \arb[trans]{^say'\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{ay'}aN}},\\
%   \verb+^gAmi`aT|\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{T}aN}+
%   \arb{^gAmi`aT|\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{T}aN}}
%   \arb[trans]{^gAmi`aT|\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{T}aN}}.
% \end{quote}
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.} Note that in the last example
%   (\arb[trans]{^gAmi`aT|\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{T}aN}}), the
%   \enquote*{pipe} character has been inserted before
%   \cs{arbcolor}. Otherwise, the |dmg| mode of the transliteration
%   rules would have interpreted the \arb[trans]{tA' marbU.taT} as
%   \emph{final} (e.g. \txtrans{h} instead of the expected
%   \txtrans{t}).\footnote{See also \vpageref{ref:ta-marbutah-pipe}
%   \enquote{Discarding the \arb[trans]{'i`rAb}} for more
%   information.}
% \end{quoting}
%
% The \arb[trans]{tanwIn} preceding a \arb[novoc]{_A} conveys even
% more intricate business to the rendering with the utmost accuracy in
% both romanized and non-romanized modes. First, a new Arabic mark
% needs to be defined.  It should print \arb[novoc]{_A} in Arabic
% script and not a thing in transliteration. It is to be appended after
% \cs{arbcolor}, like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \newarbmark{Y}{^^^^0649}{}
  \arb{hud\arbcolor[red]{aN\arbnull{_A}}\arbmark{Y}}
  \arb[trans]{hud\arbcolor[red]{aN\arbnull{_A}}\arbmark{Y}}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{wa.slaT} and
% \arb[trans]{maddaT}}{waṣlah and maddah}}
% Both can be generated with the help of \cs{arbnull}:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |wa-\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{wa}i}stisqA'uN|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{wa-\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{wa}i}stisqA'uN}
%   \arb[trans]{wa-\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{wa}i}stisqA'uN}\footnote{To
%   the knowledge of the writer, the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT} alone is not
%   part of the Arabic Unicode block.}.
%
%   |fI| |"al".i-\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{'l-}i}btidA'i|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{fI "al".i-\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{'l-}i}btidA'i}
%   \linebreak
%   \arb[trans]{fI "al".i-\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{'l-}i}btidA'i}.
%
%   |\arbcolor[red]{'a'\arbnull{k}}kulu|
%   \arb{\arbcolor[red]{'a'\arbnull{k}}kulu}
%   \arb[trans]{\arbcolor[red]{'a'\arbnull{k}}kulu},\\
%   |\arbcolor[red]{'A\arbnull{k}}kiluN|
%   \arb{\arbcolor[red]{'A\arbnull{k}}kiluN}
%   \arb[trans]{\arbcolor[red]{'A\arbnull{k}}kiluN}.
% \end{quote}
%
% The Unicode codepoint of the \arb[trans]{maddaT} is 0653, while bare
% \arb[trans]{'alif} is 0627. So:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \newarbmark{alifmaddahred}{^^^^0627\arbcolor[red]{^^^^0653}}%
  {\arb[trans]{\arbcolor[red]{'a'\arbnull{k}}}}
  \arb{\arbmark{alifmaddahred}kulu}
  \arb[trans]{\arbmark{alifmaddahred}kulu}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% 
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.} In the preceding example, any consonant could have
%   been passed as argument to the \cs{arbnull} command.
% \end{quoting}
% 
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{^sad\-daT}}{šaddah}}
% In the following example, it is assumed that the
% \arb[trans]{^saddaT} above the letter \arb[novoc]{l} in
% \arb[fullvoc]{al-mu`allimUna}, \arb[trans]{al-mu`allimUna}, is to be
% rendered in red. Thus the Arabic mark must generate the
% \arb[trans]{^saddaT} alone---of which the Unicode codepoint is
% 0651---in Arabic script and the letter \enquote*{l} in
% transliteration:--- %
%\iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\newarbmark{lamshaddah}{^^^^0651}{l}
\arb[fullvoc]{al-mu`al"\arbcolor[red]{\arbmark{lamshaddah}}.imUna}
\arb[trans]{al-mu`al"\arbcolor[red]{\arbmark{lamshaddah}}.imUna}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{The definite article and the euphonic
% \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}}{The definite article and the euphonic tašdīd}}
% The intricate business of rendering in color the initial
% \arb[trans]{'alif al-wa.sl} of the definite article followed by a
% solar consonant must be unraveled.
%
% From the examples provided above, in |fI 'l-nAsi| \arb[fullvoc]{fI
% 'l-nAsi} \arb[trans]{fI 'l-nAsi}, the initial \arb[trans]{'alif-u
% 'l-wa.sl-i} can be rendered in red like so:
% |\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{al-}a}|
% \arb[fullvoc]{\arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{al-}a}}. Then, the following
% two letters, namely |l-n|, must print the string \arb[trans]{lAm}
% $+$ \arb[trans]{nUn} $+$ \arb[trans]{^saddaT} in Arabic, and exactly
% \txtrans{n-n} in transliteration. Thus an Arabic mark is
% needed:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \newarbmark{lnn}{^^^^0644^^^^0646^^^^0651}{n-n}
  \arb[fullvoc]{fI\arbnull{al-}
    \arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{al-}a}\arbmark{lnn}Asi}
  \arb[trans]{fI\arbnull{al-}
    \arbcolor[red]{\arbnull{al-}a}\arbmark{lnn}Asi}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{hamzaT}}{hamzah}}
% The \enquote*{quoting} technique provides an easy way to determine
% the carrier of the \arb[trans]{hamzaT}, as shown in
% \vref{tab:quoted-hamza}---:
% \begin{quote}
%   \verb+yatasA\arbnull{'a}\arbcolor[red]{|"'}.alUna+
%   \arb{yatasA\arbnull{'a}\arbcolor[red]{|"'}.alUna}
%   \arb[trans]{yatasA\arbnull{'a}\-\arbcolor[red]{|"'}.a\-lUna},
%   \verb+^say\arbcolor[red]{|"'}\arbnull{'}aN+
%   \arb{^say\arbcolor[red]{|"'}\arbnull{'}aN}
%   \arb[trans]{^say\arbcolor[red]{|"'}\arbnull{'}aN},
%   \verb+^say\ar+\allowbreak\verb+bcolor[red]{|"'}iN+
%   \arb{^say\arbcolor[red]{|"'}iN}
%   \arb[trans]{^say\arbcolor[red]{|"'}iN},
%   |\arbcolor[red]{a"'}.as\arbcolor|\allowbreak|[red]{y"'}.ilaTuN|
%   \arb{\arbcolor[red]{a"'}.as\arbcolor[red]{y"'}.ilaTuN}
%   \arb[trans]{\arbcolor[red]{a"'}.as\arbcolor[red]{y"'}.ilaTuN}.
% \end{quote}
% 
%
% \section{Transliteration}
% \label{sec:transliteration}
% It may be more appropriate to speak of \enquote{romanization} than
% \enquote{transliteration} of Arabic. As seen above in
% \cref{sec:options} \vpagerefrange{sec:options}{sec:local-options},
% the \enquote{transliteration mode} may be selected globally or locally.
%
% This mode transliterates the Arab\TeX\ input into one of the
% accepted standards. As said above \vpageref{ref:describe-trans},
% three standards are supported at present:
% \begin{description}
% \item[dmg] \emph{Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft}, which was
% adopted by the International Convention of Orientalist Scholars in
% Rome in 1935.\footnote{See \textcite{dmg}.} |dmg| transliteration
% convention is selected by default;
% \item[loc] \emph{Library of Congress}: this standard is part of a
%   large set of standards for romanization of non-roman scripts
%   adopted by the American Library Association and the Library of
%   Congress;\footnote{See
%   \url{http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html} for the
%   \href{http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/arabic.pdf}{source
%   document concerning Arabic language}.}
% \item[arabica] \NEWfeature{v1.8}
%   \changes{v1.8}{2017/03/30}{\texttt{arabica} transliteration
%   standard is now supported} \emph{Journal of Arabic and Islamic
%   Studies}/\emph{Revue d'études arabes et islamiques}: this standard
%   is most widely used by scholars in the field of Arabic
%   studies.\footnote{See
%   \url{http://www.brill.nl/files/brill.nl/specific/authors_instructions/ARAB.pdf}.}
% \end{description}
% More standards will be included in future releases of
% \package{arabluatex}.
%
% \paragraph{Convention} \DescribeMacro{\SetTranslitConvention} The
% transliteration mode, which is set to |dmg| by default, may be
% changed at any point of the document by the
% \cs{SetTranslitConvention}\marg{mode} command , where \meta{mode}
% may be either |dmg|, |loc| or |arabica|. This command is also
% accepted in the preamble should one wish to set the transliteration
% mode globally, e.g.:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\usepackage{arabluatex}
\SetTranslitConvention{loc}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \paragraph{Style} \DescribeMacro{\SetTranslitStyle} Any
% transliterated Arabic text is printed in italics by default. This
% also can be changed either globally in the preamble or locally at
% any point of the document by the \cs{SetTranslitStyle}\marg{style}
% command, where \meta{style} may be any font shape selection
% command, e.g. \cs{upshape}, \cs{itshape}, \cs{slshape}, and so forth.
%
% \paragraph{Font} \NEWfeature{v1.4} \DescribeMacro{\SetTranslitFont}
% \cs{SetTranslitFont}\marg{font selection command} allows any
% specific font to be selected for rendering transliterated text with
% the font-selecting commands of the \package{fontspec} or
% \package{luaotfload} package. Of course, this font must have been
% defined properly. To take one example, here is how the \emph{Gentium
% Plus} font can be used for rendering transliterated text:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\newfontfamily\translitfont{Gentium Plus}[Ligatures=TeX]
\SetTranslitFont{\translitfont}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \paragraph{Proper names} \DescribeMacro{\uc} Proper names or book
% titles that must have their first letters uppercased may be passed
% as arguments to the \cs{uc}\marg{word} command. \cs{uc} is a
% clever command, for it will give the definite article
% \arb[trans]{al-} in lower case in all positions. Moreover, if the
% inital letter, apart from the article, cannot be uppercased,
% viz. \arb[trans]{|"'} or \arb[trans]{`}, the letter next to it will be
% uppercased:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |\uc{.hunayn-u}| |bn-u| |\uc{'is.h_aq-a}|
%   \arb[voc]{\uc{.hunayn-u} bn-u \uc{'is.h_aq-a}}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{.hunayn-u} bn-u \uc{'is.h_aq-a}},
%   |\uc{`u_tm_an-u}| \arb[voc]{\uc{`u_tm_an-u}}
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{`u_tm_an-u}}, |.daraba| |\uc{zayd-u}| |bn-u|
%   |\uc{_h_alidiN}| |\uc{sa`d-a}| |bn-a| |\uc{`awf-i}| |bn-i|
%   |\uc{|\allowbreak|`abd-i}| |\uc{'l-l_ah-i}|
%   \arb[fullvoc]{.daraba \uc{zayd-u} bn-u \uc{_h_alidiN}
%   \uc{sa`d-a} bn-a \uc{`awf-i} bn-i \uc{`abd-i} \uc{'l-l_ah-i}}
%   \arb[trans]{.daraba \uc{zayd-u} bn-u \uc{_h_alidiN} \uc{sa`d-a}
%   bn-a \uc{`awf-i} bn-i \uc{`abd-i} \uc{'l-l_ah-i}}.
% \end{quote}
% However, \cs{uc} must be used cautiously in some very particular
% cases, for the closing brace of its argument may prevent a rule from
% being applied. To take an example, as seen above
% \vpageref{ref:muhammaduni}, the transliteration of
% \arb[fullvoc]{\uc{m}u.hammaduN 'l-nabI} must be
% \arb[trans]{\uc{m}u.hammaduN 'l-nabI}, as nouns having the
% \arb[trans]{tanwIn} take a \arb[trans]{kasraT} in pronunciation
% before \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli}. In that case, encoding
% \arb[fullvoc]{mu.hammaduN} like so: |\uc{mu.hammaduN}| is wrong,
% because the closing brace would prevent \package{arabluatex} from
% detecting the sequence \meta{-uN} immediately followed by
% \meta{'l-}. Fortunately, this can be circumvented in a
% straightforward way by inserting only part of the noun in the
% argument of \cs{uc} vz. up to the first letter that is to be
% uppercased, like so: |\uc{m}u.hammaduN|.
%
% \paragraph{Hyphenation}
% In case transliterated Arabic words break the \TeX\ hyphenation
% algorithm, one may use the |\-| command to insert discretionary
% hyphens. This command will be discarded in all of the Arabic modes
% of \package{arabluatex}, but will be processed by any of the
% transliteration modes:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |\uc{'abU}| |\uc{bakriN}| |\uc{mu\-.ham\-madu}| |bnu|
%   |\uc{za\-ka| |\-riy\-yA'a}| |\uc{'l-rAziyyu}| \arb{\uc{'abU}
%   \uc{bakriN} \uc{mu\-.ham\-mad-u} bnu \uc{za\-ka\-riy\-yA'a}
%   \uc{'l-rAziyyu}} \arb[trans]{\uc{'abU} \uc{bakriN}
%   \uc{mu\-.ham\-mad-u} bn-u \uc{za\-ka\-riy\-yA'-a}
%   \uc{'l-rAziyyu}}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{\enquote*{Long} pro\-per names}
% \NEWfeature{v1.10} \cs{uc} is also able to process proper names
% consisting of several subsequent words:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |\arb[trans]{\uc{'abU| |zaydiN| |.hunaynu| |bnu| |'is.h_aqa|
%   |'l-`ibAdiyyu}}| \arb[trans]{\uc{'abU zaydiN .hunaynu bnu
%   'is.h_aqa 'l-`ibAdiyyu}}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \paragraph{Proper names outside Arabic environments}
% \changes{v1.10}{2018/01/03}{\cs{uc} supersedes \cs{cap}}
% \DescribeMacro{\prname}\NEWfeature{v1.10} Transliterated proper
% names inserted in paragraphs of English text should be printed in
% the same typeface as the surrounding text. \cs{prname}\marg{Arabic
% proper name} is provided to that effect:\footnote{Just as \cs{uc},
% \cs{prname} is also able to process proper names consisting of
% several subsequent words.}---
%\iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
From \textcite[i. 23 C]{Wright}:--- If the name following
\arb[fullvoc]{ibnuN} be that of the mother or the grandfather, the
\arb[fullvoc]{"a} is retained; as \arb[fullvoc]{`Is_A ibnu maryama},
  \enquote{Jesus the son of Mary}; \arb[fullvoc]{`ammAru ibnu
    man.sUriN}, \enquote{\prname{`ammAr} the (grand)son of
    \prname{man.sUr}}.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% The following example shows how \cs{prname} can be used in
% conjunction with the \package{nameauth} package to have Arabic
% proper names printed first in full then in partial
% forms:\footnote{See the documentation of \package{nameauth} for more
% details: \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/nameauth}}--- %
%\iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\begin{nameauth}
  \< Hunayn & \prname{'abU zayd} & \prname{.hunayn}, \prname{{i}bn
    'is.h_aq al-`ibAdiyy} & > %
  \< Razi & \prname{'abU bakr mu.hammad ibn zakariyyA'} &
  \prname{al-rAziyy} & > %
\end{nameauth}

On first occurrence, proper names are printed as \Hunayn, \Razi.
Then as \Hunayn, \Razi.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \subsection{Additional note on \texttt{dmg} convention}
% \label{sec:additional-note-dmg}
% \NEWfeature{v1.3} According to \textcite[6]{dmg}, Arabic
% \arb[trans]{'i`rAb} may be rendered into |dmg| in three different
% ways:
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item \label{ref:dmg-full-rend}In full:
%   \NoArbUp\arb[trans]{\uc{`amruNU}}\ArbUpDflt\,;
% \item \label{ref:dmg-up-rend}As superscript text:
%   \arb[trans]{\uc{`amruNU}}\,;
% \item \label{ref:irab-discarded}Discarded: \arb[trans]{\uc{`amr}}.
% \end{enumerate}
% \DescribeMacro{\arbup} By default, \package{arabluatex} applies rule
% \ref{ref:dmg-up-rend}. Once delimited by a set of Lua functions,
% \arb[trans]{'i`rAb} is passed as an argument on to a \cs{arbup}
% command which is set to \cs{textsuperscript}.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\NoArbUp} \DescribeMacro{\ArbUpDflt} \cs{NoArbUp} may
% be used either in the preamble or at any point of the document in
% case one wishes to apply rule \ref{ref:dmg-full-rend}. The default
% rule \ref{ref:dmg-up-rend} can be set back with \cs{ArbUpDflt} at
% any point of the document.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\SetArbUp} Finally, \cs{SetArbUp}\marg{formatting
% directives} can be used to customize the way \arb[trans]{'i`rAb} is
% displayed. To take one example, here is how Arabic
% \arb[trans]{'i`rAb} may be rendered as subscript text:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\SetArbUp{\textsubscript{#1}}
Arabic |dmg| transliteration for \arb{ra'aytu ^gAmi`aN
muhaddamaTaN mi'_danatu-hu}: \arb[trans]{ra'aytu
^gAmi`aN muhaddamaTaN mi'_danatu-hu.}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% As shown in the above example, |#1| is the token that is replaced
% with the actual \arb[trans]{tanwIn} in the formatting directives of
% the \cs{SetArbUp} command.
%
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{\arb[trans]{'i`rAb} boundaries}{ʾiʿrāb
% boundaries}}
% Every declinable noun (\arb[trans]{mu`rab}) may be declined either
% with or without \arb[trans]{tanwIn}, viz. \arb[trans]{mun.sarifuN}
% or \arb[trans]{.gayr-u mun.sarifiN}. The former is automatically
% parsed by \package{arabluatex}, whereas the latter has to be
% delimited with an hyphen, like so:---
% \begin{quote}
%   \arb[trans]{\textbf{mun.sarif}}: |mu`allimuN|
%   \arb[voc]{mu`allimuN} \arb[trans]{mu`allimuN}, |kA'inuN|
%   \arb[voc]{kA'inuN} \arb[trans]{kA'inuN}, |kA'inAtuN|
%   \arb[voc]{kA'inAtuN} \arb[trans]{kA'inAtuN}, |\uc{`amraNU}|
%   \arb[voc]{\uc{`amraNU}} \arb[trans]{\uc{`amraNU}}, |fataN_A|
%   \arb[voc]{fataN_A} \arb[trans]{fataN_A}, |qA.diNI| \arb{qA.diNI}
%   \arb[trans]{qA.diNI}.
%
%   \arb[trans]{\textbf{.gayr mun.sarif}}: |al-mu`allim-u|
%   \arb[voc]{al-mu`allim-u} \arb[trans]{al-mu`allim-u}, |kitAb-Ani|
%   \arb[voc]{kitAb-Ani} \arb[trans]{kitAb-Ani}, |ra^sa'-Ani|
%   \arb[voc]{ra^sa'-Ani} \arb[trans]{ra^sa'-Ani}, |sAriq-Una|
%   \arb[voc]{sAriq-Una} \arb[trans]{sAriq-Una}, |qA.d-Una|
%   \arb[voc]{qA.d-Una} \arb[trans]{qA.d-Una}, |al-.zulm-Atu|
%   \arb[voc]{al-.zulm-Atu} \arb[trans]{al-.zulm-Atu}.
% \end{quote}
%
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{a.} As the \arb[trans]{tanwIn} is passed over
%   in pronunciation when it is followed by the letters
%   \arb[novoc]{r}, \arb[novoc]{l}, \arb[novoc]{m}, \arb[novoc]{w},
%   \arb[novoc]{y} (see \vref{ref:assimilation}), it may be desirable
%   to further distinguish it by putting it above the line, but not to
%   do the same for \arb[trans]{.gayr mun.sarif} terminations. This
%   can be achieved by simply omitting the hyphen before any
%   \arb[trans]{.gayr mun.sarif} termination:---\\
%   |kAna| |.ganiyyaN| |l_akinna-hu| |labisa| |^gubbaTaN| |mumazzaqaN|
%   |'aydu-hA| \arb[voc]{kAna .ganiyyaN l_akinna-hu labisa ^gubbaTaN
%   mumazzaqaN 'aydu-hA} \arb[trans]{kAna .ganiyyaN l_akinna-hu labisa
%   ^gubbaTaN mumazzaqaN 'aydu-hA}.
%
%   \textsc{Rem.}~\emph{b.} Although the hyphen before the
%   \arb[trans]{tanwIn} is optional as \package{arabluatex} always
%   parses nouns with such termination, it may also be used to mark
%   better the inflectional endings:---\\
%   |mana`a| |'l-nAs-a| |kAffaT-aN| |min| |mu_hA.tabati-hi|
%   |'a.had-uN| |bi-sayyidi-nA| \arb[voc]{mana`a 'l-nAs-a kAffaT-aN
%   min mu_hA.tabati-hi 'a.had-uN bi-sayyidi-nA} \arb[trans]{mana`a
%   'l-nAs-a kAffaT-aN min mu_hA.tabati-hi 'a.had-uN bi-sayyidi-nA}.
% \end{quoting}
% 
% \paragraph{\texorpdfstring{Discar\-ding the
% \arb[trans]{'i`rAb}}{Discarding the ʾiʿrāb}}
% \label{ref:ta-marbutah-pipe}
% As said above (\vref{ref:irab-discarded}), the \arb[trans]{'i`rAb}
% may be discarded in some cases, as in transliterated proper names or
% book titles. \package{arabluatex} is able to render words ending
% with \arb[trans]{tA' marbU.taT} in different ways, depending on
% their function:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Nouns followed by an adjective in apposition: |madInaT|
%   |kabIraT| \arb[trans]{madInaT kabIraT}, |al-madInaT| |al-kabIraT|
%   \arb[trans]{al-madInaT al-kabIraT}.
% \item Nouns followed by another noun in the genitive (contruct
%   state): |.hikmaT| |al-l_ah| \arb[trans]{.hikmaT| \uc{al-l_ah}},
%   |fi.d.daT| |al-darAhim| \arb[trans]{fi.d.daT al-darAhim}.
% \end{enumerate}
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.} It may so happen, as in the absence of the article
%   before the annexed word, that \package{arabluatex} be unable to
%   determine which of the above two cases the word ending with
%   \arb[trans]{tA' marbU.taT} falls into. The \enquote*{pipe}
%   character (see \vref{sec:pipe}) may be appended to that word to
%   indicate that what follows is in the construct state:
%   |\uc{r}isAlaT| |fI| |tartIb| \verb+qirA'aT|+ |kutub|
%   |\uc{^g}AlInUs| \arb[trans]{\uc{r}isAlaT fI tartIb qirA'aT|
%   kutub \uc{^g}AlInUs}.
% \end{quoting}
% 
%
% \paragraph{Uncertain short vowels}
% In some printed books, it may happen that more than one short vowel
% be placed on a consonant in cases where the vocalization is
% uncertain or ambiguous, like so: \arb[voc]{fa`uaila}. In
% transliteration, the uncertain vowels go between slashes and are
% separated by commas: |fa`uaila| \arb[voc]{fa`uaila}
% \arb[trans]{fa`uaila}.
%
% \subsection{Examples}
% \label{sec:examples-translit}
% Here follows in transliteration the story of
% \arb[trans]{\uc{ju.hA}} and his donkey (\arb[voc]{\uc{ju.hA
% wa-.himAru-hu}}). See the code \vpageref{ref:juha-code}:---
%
% \SetTranslitConvention{dmg}
% \begin{arab}[trans]
%   \LR{\textbf{\emph{\enquote*{dmg}} standard:}} 'at_A .sadIquN 'il_A
%   \uc{ju.hA} ya.tlubu min-hu .himAra-hu li-yarkaba-hu fI safraTiN
%   qa.sIraTiN fa-qAla la-hu: \enquote{sawfa 'u`Idu-hu 'ilay-ka fI
%   'l-masA'-i wa-'adfa`u la-ka 'ujraTaN.} fa-qAla \uc{ju.hA}:
%   \enquote{'anA 'AsifuN jiddaN 'annI lA 'asta.tI`u 'an 'u.haqqiqa
%   la-ka ra.gbata-ka fa-'l-.himAr-u laysa hunA 'l-yawm-a.}  wa-qabla
%   'an yutimma \uc{ju.hA} kalAma-hu bada'a 'l-.himAr-u yanhaqu fI
%   'i.s.tabli-hi. fa-qAla la-hu .sadIqu-hu: \enquote{'innI 'asma`u
%   .himAra-ka yA \uc{ju.hA} yanhaqu.} fa-qAla la-hu \uc{ju.hA}:
%   \enquote{.garIbuN 'amru-ka yA .sadIqI 'a-tu.saddiqu 'l-.himAr-a
%   wa-tuka_d_diba-nI?}
% \end{arab}
% 
% \SetTranslitConvention{loc}
% \begin{arab}[trans]
%   \LR{\textbf{\emph{\enquote*{loc}} standard:}} 'at_A .sadIquN 'il_A
%   \uc{ju.hA} ya.tlubu min-hu .himAra-hu li-yarkaba-hu fI safraTiN
%   qa.sIraTiN fa-qAla la-hu: \enquote{sawfa 'u`Idu-hu 'ilay-ka fI
%   'l-masA'-i wa-'adfa`u la-ka 'ujraTaN.} fa-qAla \uc{ju.hA}:
%   \enquote{'anA 'AsifuN jiddaN 'annI lA 'asta.tI`u 'an 'u.haqqiqa
%   la-ka ra.gbata-ka fa-'l-.himAr-u laysa hunA 'l-yawm-a.}  wa-qabla
%   'an yutimma \uc{ju.hA} kalAma-hu bada'a 'l-.himAr-u yanhaqu fI
%   'i.s.tabli-hi. fa-qAla la-hu .sadIqu-hu: \enquote{'innI 'asma`u
%   .himAra-ka yA \uc{ju.hA} yanhaqu.} fa-qAla la-hu \uc{ju.hA}:
%   \enquote{.garIbuN 'amru-ka yA .sadIqI 'a-tu.saddiqu 'l-.himAr-a
%   wa-tuka_d_diba-nI?}
% \end{arab}
% \SetTranslitConvention{dmg}
%
% \SetTranslitConvention{arabica}
% \begin{arab}[trans]
%   \LR{\textbf{\emph{\enquote*{arabica}} standard:}} 'at_A .sadIquN
%   'il_A \uc{ju.hA} ya.tlubu min-hu .himAra-hu li-yarkaba-hu fI
%   safraTiN qa.sIraTiN fa-qAla la-hu: \enquote{sawfa 'u`Idu-hu
%   'ilay-ka fI 'l-masA'-i wa-'adfa`u la-ka 'ujraTaN.} fa-qAla
%   \uc{ju.hA}: \enquote{'anA 'AsifuN jiddaN 'annI lA 'asta.tI`u 'an
%   'u.haqqiqa la-ka ra.gbata-ka fa-'l-.himAr-u laysa hunA 'l-yawm-a.}
%   wa-qabla 'an yutimma \uc{ju.hA} kalAma-hu bada'a 'l-.himAr-u
%   yanhaqu fI 'i.s.tabli-hi. fa-qAla la-hu .sadIqu-hu: \enquote{'innI
%   'asma`u .himAra-ka yA \uc{ju.hA} yanhaqu.} fa-qAla la-hu
%   \uc{ju.hA}: \enquote{.garIbuN 'amru-ka yA .sadIqI 'a-tu.saddiqu
%   'l-.himAr-a wa-tuka_d_diba-nI?}
% \end{arab}
% \SetTranslitConvention{dmg}
%
% \section{Buckwalter input scheme}
% \label{sec:buckwalter-scheme}
% \NEWfeature{v1.4} Even though \package{arabluatex} is primarily
% designed to process the Arab\TeX\ notation, it can also process the
% Buckwalter input scheme to a large extent.\footnote{See
% \url{http://www.qamus.org/transliteration.htm}} The Buckwalter
% scheme is actually processed in two steps, as it is first converted
% into Arab\TeX. Then, once this is accomplished, the Arab\TeX\ scheme
% is processed through the above described functions. In this way, the
% Buckwalter input scheme can make the most of the
% \package{arabluatex} special features that are presented in
% \vref{sec:options}.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\SetInputScheme} The input scheme, which is set to
% |arabtex| by default, may be changed at any point of the document by
% the \cs{SetInputScheme}\marg{scheme} command, where \meta{scheme}
% may be either |arabtex| or |buckwalter|. This command is also
% accepted in the preamble should one wish to set the input scheme
% globally, like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\usepackage{arabluatex}
\SetInputScheme{buckwalter}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \paragraph{\enquote*{base}, \enquote*{\texttt{xml}} and
% \enquote*{safe} schemes}
% \package{arabluatex} can use any of the so-called Buckwalter
% \enquote*{base}, \enquote*{\texttt{xml}} or \enquote*{safe} schemes
% as they are described in \textcite[25--26]{Habash}.\footnote{I am
% grateful to Graeme Andrews who suggested that the \enquote*{safe}
% scheme be included in \package{arabluatex}.} However, the following
% limitation apply to the \enquote*{base} and \enquote*{\texttt{xml}}
% schemes: the braces |{| and |}|, which are used to encode
% \arb[novoc]{"a} and \arb[novoc]{y"'}, must be replaced with square
% brackets viz. |[| and |]| respectively.
%
% It is therefore recommended to use the Buckwalter \enquote*{safe}
% scheme.
%
% \Cref{tab:buckwalter-scheme} gives the Buckwalter equivalents that
% are currently used by \package{arabluatex}. The additional
% characters that are defined in \vref{tab:additional-arabic-codings}
% are also available.
% 
% \begin{longtable}{llllll}
% \bottomrule
% \caption*{\Cref*{tab:buckwalter-scheme}: Buckwalter scheme}
% \endfoot
% \captionlistentry{Buckwalter scheme}\\[-1em]
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration\footnotemark}
% & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Buckwalter notation} \\
% & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & |base/xml| &
% |safe| \\ \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \toprule
% Letter & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Transliteration}
% & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Buckwalter notation} \\
% & \texttt{dmg} & \texttt{loc} & \texttt{arabica} & |base/xml| &
% |safe| \\ \midrule
% \endhead \footnotetext{See \vref{sec:transliteration}.}
% \label{tab:buckwalter-scheme}
% \arb[novoc]{a} & \dmg{a} & \loc{a} & \brill{a} & |A| & |A| \\
% \arb[novoc]{b} & \dmg{b} & \loc{b} & \brill{b} & |b| & |b| \\
% \arb[novoc]{t} & \dmg{t} & \loc{t} & \brill{t} & |t| & |t| \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb[novoc]{_t} & \dmg{_t} & \loc{_t} & \brill{_t} & |v| & |v| \\
% \arb[novoc]{j} & \dmg{j} & \loc{j} & \brill{j} & |j| & |j| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.h} & \dmg{.h} & \loc{.h} & \brill{.h} & |H| & |H| \\
% \arb[novoc]{x} & \dmg{x} & \loc{x} & \brill{x} & |x| & |x| \\
% \arb[novoc]{d} & \dmg{d} & \loc{d} & \brill{d} & |d| & |d| \\
% \arb[novoc]{_d} & \dmg{_d} & \loc{_d} & \brill{_d} & |*| & |V| \\
% \arb[novoc]{r} & \dmg{r} & \loc{r} & \brill{r} & |r| & |r| \\
% \arb[novoc]{z} & \dmg{z} & \loc{z} & \brill{z} & |z| & |z| \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb[novoc]{s} & \dmg{s} & \loc{s} & \brill{s} & |s| & |s| \\
% \arb[novoc]{^s} & \dmg{^s} & \loc{^s} & \brill{^s} & |$| & |c| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.s} & \dmg{.s} & \loc{.s} & \brill{.s} & |S| & |S| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.d} & \dmg{.d} & \loc{.d} & \brill{.d} & |D| & |D| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.t} & \dmg{.t} & \loc{.t} & \brill{.t} & |T| & |T| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.z} & \dmg{.z} & \loc{.z} & \brill{.z} & |Z| & |Z| \\
% \pagebreak[1]
% \arb[novoc]{`} & \dmg{`} & \loc{`} & \brill{`} & |E| & |E| \\
% \arb[novoc]{.g} & \dmg{.g} & \loc{.g} & \brill{.g} & |g| & |g| \\
% \arb[novoc]{f} & \dmg{f} & \loc{f} & \brill{f} & |f| & |f| \\
% \arb[novoc]{q} & \dmg{q} & \loc{q} & \brill{q} & |q| & |q| \\
% \arb[novoc]{k} & \dmg{k} & \loc{k} & \brill{k} & |k| & |k| \\
% \arb[novoc]{l} & \dmg{l} & \loc{l} & \brill{l} & |l| & |l| \\
% \arb[novoc]{m} & \dmg{m} & \loc{m} & \brill{m} & |m| & |m| \\
% \arb[novoc]{n} & \dmg{n} & \loc{n} & \brill{n} & |n| & |n| \\
% \arb[novoc]{h} & \dmg{h} & \loc{h} & \brill{h} & |h| & |h| \\
% \arb[novoc]{w} & \dmg{w} & \loc{w} & \brill{w} & |w| & |w| \\
% \arb[novoc]{y} & \dmg{y} & \loc{y} & \brill{y} & |y| & |y| \\
% \arb[novoc]{Y} & \dmg{Y} & \loc{Y} & \brill{Y} & |Y| & |Y| \\
% \arb[novoc]{T} & \dmg{aT} & \loc{aT} & \brill{aT} & |p| & |p| \\
% \midrule
% \arb[novoc]{|"'} & \dmg{|"'} & \loc{|"'} & \brill{|"'} & \verb|'| & |C| \\
% \arb[novoc]{A"'} & \dmg{A"'} & \loc{A"'} & \brill{A"'} & \verb+|+ & |M| \\
% \arb[novoc]{a"'} & \dmg{a"'} & \loc{a"'} & \brill{a"'} & \verb|>| & |O| \\
% \arb[novoc]{w"'} & \dmg{w"'} & \loc{w"'} & \brill{w"'} & \verb|&| & |W| \\
% \arb[novoc]{i"'} & \dmg{i"'} & \loc{i"'} & \brill{i"'} & \verb|<| & |I| \\
% \arb[novoc]{y"'} & \dmg{y"'} & \loc{y"'} & \brill{y"'} & \verb|]| & |Q| \\
% \midrule
% \arb[novoc]{BB} & --- & --- & --- & \verb|~| & |~| \\
% \arb[novoc]{"a} & ' & ' & --- & |[| & |L| \\
% \midrule
% \arb[voc]{Ba} & \dmg{Ba} & \loc{Ba} & \brill{Ba} & \verb|a| & |a| \\
% \arb[voc]{Bu} & \dmg{Bu} & \loc{Bu} & \brill{Bu} & \verb|u| & |u| \\
% \arb[voc]{Bi} & \dmg{Bi} & \loc{Bi} & \brill{Bi} & \verb|i| & |i| \\
% \arb[voc]{BaN} & \dmg{BaN} & \loc{BaN} & \brill{BaN} & \verb|F| & |F| \\
% \arb[voc]{BuN} & \dmg{BuN} & \loc{BuN} & \brill{BuN} & \verb|N| & |N| \\
% \arb[voc]{BiN} & \dmg{BiN} & \loc{BiN} & \brill{BiN} & \verb|K| & |K| \\
% \arb[voc]{B"} & --- & --- & --- & \verb|o| & |o| \\
% \midrule
% \arb[novoc]{B_a} & \dmg{B_a} & \loc{B_a} & \brill{B_a} &  |`| & |e| \\
% \midrule
% \arb[novoc]{--} (\arb[trans]{ta.twIl}) & --- & --- & --- & |_| & |_| \\
% \end{longtable}
%
% \paragraph{Transliteration}
% The Buckwalter notation can also be transliterated into any accepted
% romanization standard of Arabic. See above
% \vref{sec:transliteration} for more information. However, it should
% be pointed out again that only accurate coding produces accurate
% transliteration. It is therefore at the very least highly advisable
% to use the hyphen for tying the definite article and the inseparable
% particles (viz. prepositions, adverbs and conjunctions) to words,
% like so:--- \SetInputScheme{buckwalter}
% \begin{quote}
%   |Al-EaAlamu| \arb{Al-EaAlam-u} \arb[trans]{Al-EaAlam-u},
%   |Al-camsu| \arb{Al-cams-u} \arb[trans]{Al-cams-u},
%   |bi-SinaAEapi| |Al-T~ib~i|, \arb{bi-SinaAEap-i Al-T~ib~-i}
%   \arb[trans]{bi-SinaAEap-i Al-T~ib~-i}.
%
%   |wa-Al-l~ehi| \arb{wa-Al-l~eh-i} \arb[trans]{wa-Al-l~eh-i},
%   |Al-Hamdu| |li-l~ehi| \arb{Al-Hamd-u li-l~eh-i}
%   \arb[trans]{Al-Hamd-u li-l~eh-i}.
% \end{quote}
% \SetInputScheme{arabtex}
%
% Similary, it is not advisable to use \verb+|+ and |[|
% (\enquote*{base} and \enquote*{\texttt{xml}} schemes) or |M| and |L|
% (\enquote*{safe} scheme) to encode the \arb[trans]{'alif-u
% 'l-mamdUdaT-i} and the \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i} for such
% signs are supposed to be generated by \package{arabluatex} internal
% functions.  Besides, as they do not \emph{per se} convey any
% morphological information on what they are derived from, they cannot
% be transliterated accurately. To take one example, %
% \SetInputScheme{buckwalter}%
% |<ilY Al-LntiqaADi| gives \arb{>ilY Al-LntiqaADi} as expected, but
% only |<ilY Al-intiqADi| can be transliterated as \arb[trans]{<ilY
% Al-intiqaADi} with the correct vowel \meta{i} in place of the %
% \SetInputScheme{arabtex}%
% \arb[trans]{'alif-u 'l-wa.sl-i}.
%
% \section{Unicode Arabic input}
% \label{sec:unicode-input}
% \NEWfeature{v1.5} As said above in \vref{sec:buckwalter-scheme}
% about the Buckwalter input scheme, even though \package{arabluatex}
% is primarily designed to process the Arab\TeX\ notation, it also
% accepts Unicode Arabic input. It should be noted that
% \package{arabluatex} does in no way interfere with Unicode Arabic
% input: none of the |voc|, |fullvoc|, |novoc| or |trans| options will
% have any effect on plain Unicode Arabic for the time being.
%
% That said, there are two ways of inserting Unicode
% Arabic:
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item \DescribeMacro{\txarb} The \cs{txarb}\marg{Unicode Arabic}
%   command for inserting Unicode Arabic text in paragraphs;
% \item The \DescribeEnv{txarab} |txarab| environment for inserting
%   running paragraphs of Arabic text, like so:---\\%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  \begin{txarab}
    <Unicode Arabic text>
  \end{txarab}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \needspace{4\baselineskip}
% \section{\LaTeX\ Commands in Arabic environments}
% \label{sec:commands-in-arb}
% \paragraph{General principle} \label{ref:cmd-inside-arabic}\LaTeX\
% commands are accepted in Arabic environments. The general principle
% which applies is that any single-argument command with up to
% \emph{two optional arguments}---that is:
% \cs{command}\oarg{opt1}\oarg{opt2}\marg{arg}---such as
% \cs{emph}\marg{text}, \cs{textbf}\marg{text} and the like, is
% assumed to have Arabic text in its mandatory argument:---
% \begin{quote}
%   |\abjad{45}| |kitAbu-hu| |\emph{fI| |'l-\uc{`AdAt-i}}|
%   \arb[voc]{\abjad{45} kitAbu-hu \emph{fI 'l-\uc{`AdAt-i}}}
%   \arb[trans]{\abjad{45} kitAbu-hu \emph{fI
%   'l-\uc{`AdAt-i}}}.\footnote{This is odd in Arabic script, but
%   using such features as \cs{emph} or \cs{textbf} is a matter of
%   personal taste.}
%   \NewDocumentCommand{\rlframebox}{o o m}{
%    \IfNoValueTF{#2}{\IfNoValueTF{#1}{
%    \framebox{\setRL#3}}{\framebox[#1]{\setRL#3}}
% }{\framebox[#1][#2]{\setRL#3}}}
%
%   |\arb{\abjad{45} \rlframebox[1in][s]{kitAbu-hu fI 'l-`AdAti}}|\\
%   \arb{\abjad{45} \rlframebox[1in][s]{kitAbu-hu fI
%   'l-`AdAti}}\,\footnote{\cs{rlframefox} has been adapted from
%   \cs{framebox} for insertions of right-to-left text.}
% \end{quote}
% 
% The same applies to footnotes:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\renewcommand{\footnoterule}%
   {\hfill\noindent\rule[1mm]{.4\textwidth}{.15mm}}
\begin{arab}
'inna 'abI kAna mina 'l-muqAtilaT-i\footnote{al-muqAtilaT-i:
al-muqAtil-Ina.}, wa-kAnat 'ummI min `u.zamA'-i buyUt-i
'l-zamAzimaT-i\footnote{al-zamAzimaT-u: .tA'ifaT-u mina
'l-furs-i.}.
\end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% Some commands, however, do not expect running text in their
% arguments, or one may wish to insert English text e.g. in footnotes
% or in marginal notes. \package{arabluatex} provides a set of
% commands to handle such cases.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\LR} \cs{LR}\marg{arg} is designed to typeset its
% argument from left to right. It may be used in an Arabic
% environment, either \cs{arb}\marg{Arabic text} or \cs{begin}|{arab}|
% \meta{Arabic text} \cs{end}|{arab}|, for short insertions of
% left-to-right text, or to insert any \LaTeX\ command that would
% otherwise be rejected by \package{arabluatex}, such as commands the
% argument of which is expected to be a dimension or a unit of
% measurement.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\RL} \cs{RL}\marg{arg} does the same as
% \cs{LR}\marg{arg}, but typesets its argument from right to left. Even
% in an Arabic environment, this command may be useful.
% 
% \DescribeMacro{\LRfootnote} \DescribeMacro{\RLfootnote}
% \cs{LRfootnote}\marg{text} and \cs{RLfootnote}\marg{text} typeset
% left-to-right and right-to-left footnotes respectively in Arabic
% environments. Unlike \cs{footnote}\marg{text}, the arguments of both
% \cs{LRfootnote} and \cs{RLfootnote} are not expected to be Arabic
% text. For example, \cs{LRfootnote} can be used to insert English
% footnotes in running Arabic text:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
    \uc{z}ayd-uN\arbnull{ibnu}\LRfootnote{%
      \enquote{\arb[trans]{\uc{z}ayd} is the son of
        \arb[trans]{\uc{`a}mr}}: the second noun is not in
      apposition to the first, but forms part of the
      predicate\ldots} \arbnull{zayduN}ibn-u \uc{`a}mr-iNU
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% When footnotes are typeset from right to left, it may happen that
% the numbers of the footnotes that are at the bottom of the page be
% typeset in the wrong direction. For example, instead of an expected
% number 18, one may get 81. \package{arabluatex} is not responsible
% for that, but should it happen, it may be necessary to redefine in
% the preamble the \LaTeX\ macro \cs{thefootnote} like so:---\\
% \arabluaverb{\renewcommand*{\thefootnote}{\textsuperscript{\LR{\arabic{footnote}}}}}
% \DescribeMacro{\FixArbFtnmk} Another solution is to put in the
% preamble, below the line that loads \package{arabluatex}, the
% \cs{FixArbFtnmk} command. However, for more control over the layout
% of footnotes marks, it is advisable to use the \package{scrextend}
% package.\footnote{See \url{http://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script}; read
% the documentation of \package{KOMA-script} for details about the
% \cs{deffootnotemark} and \cs{deffootnote} commands.}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\LRmarginpar} The
% \cs{LRmarginpar}\oarg{left}\marg{right} command does for marginal
% notes the same as \cs{LRfootnote} does for footnotes. Of course, it
% is supposed to be used in Arabic environments. Note that
% \cs{marginpar} also works in Arabic environments, but it acts as any
% other single-argument command inserted in Arabic environments. The
% general principle laid \vpageref{ref:cmd-inside-arabic} applies.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\setRL} \DescribeMacro{\setLR} \cs{setRL} and
% \cs{setLR} can be used to change the direction of paragraphs, either
% form left to right or from right to left. As an example, an
% easy way to typeset a right-to-left sectional title follows:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\setRL
\section*{\arb{barzawayhi li-buzurjumihra bn-i 'l-buxtikAni}}
\setLR
\begin{arab}
qAla barzawayhi bn-u 'azhar-a, ra's-u 'a.tibbA'-i fAris-a...
\end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \subsection{New commands}
% \label{sec:declare-new-commands}
% \NEWfeature{v1.9}%
% In some particular cases, it may be useful to define new commands to
% be inserted in Arabic environments. From the general principle laid
% \vpageref{ref:cmd-inside-arabic}, it follows that any command that
% is found inside an Arabic environment is assumed to have Arabic text
% in its argument which \package{arabluatex} will process as such
% before passing it on to the command itself for any further
% processing. As a result of this feature, such a command as:\\
% \arabluaverb{\newcommand{\fvarabic}[1]{\arb[fullvoc]{#1}}}\\
% will work as expected, but will always output non-vocalized Arabic
% if it is inserted in a |novoc| Arabic environment because its
% argument will have been processed by the |novoc| rules before the
% command |\fvarabic| itself can see it.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\MkArbBreak} The \cs{MkArbBreak}\marg{csv list of
% commands} command can be used in the preamble to give any
% command---either new or already existing---the precedence over
% \package{arabluatex} inside Arabic environments. It takes as
% argument a comma-separated list of commands each of which must be
% stripped of its leading character
% |\|, like so:---\\
% \arabluaverb{\MkArbBreak{onecmd, anothercmd, yetanothercmd, ...}}
% 
% For example, here follows a way to define a new command |\fvred| to
% distinguish words with a different color and always print them in
% fully vocalized Arabic:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \MkArbBreak{fvred}
  \newcommand{\fvred}[1]{\arbcolor[red]{\arb[fullvoc]{#1}}}
\begin{arab}[voc]
  _tumma "intalaqa _dU 'l-qarn-ayni 'il_A 'ummaT-iN 'u_hr_A fI
  \fvred{((ma.tli`-i 'l-^sams-i))} wa-lA binA'-a la-hum
  yu'amminu-hum mina 'l-^sams-i.
\end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% It must be noted that the arguments, either optional or mandatory,
% of commands declared with \cs{MkArbBreak} are not to be processed by
% \package{arabluatex}. Therefore, as in the previous example, any of
% their argument to be rendered in Arabic must be inserted again in
% \cs{arb}. \NEWfeature{v1.12}These commands themselves may have up to
% two optional and/or mandatory arguments followed by one optional
% argument, like so:---
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item \cs{command} (no argument, lowermost combination)
% \item \cs{command}\oarg{opt1} (one optional argument)
% \item \cs{command}\marg{arg1} (one mandatory argument)
% \item \cs{command}\oarg{opt1}\marg{arg1} (one optional and one
%   mandatory argument)
% \item{} [\ldots]
% \item \cs{command}\oarg{opt1}\oarg{opt2}\marg{arg1}\marg{arg2}
% \item
%   \cs{command}\oarg{opt1}\oarg{opt2}\marg{arg1}\marg{arg2}\oarg{opt3}
%   (uppermost combination)
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\MkArbBreak*}\NEWfeature{v1.12} As said above,
% \cs{MkArbBreak} prevents \package{arabluatex} from processing the
% arguments of \enquote*{declared} commands as Arabic text. This
% technique proves sufficient in most cases. However, a
% \enquote*{starred} version of this
% command---\cs{MkArbBreak*}\marg{csv list of commands}---is also
% provided. It goes a step further, as it directs \package{arabluatex}
% to \emph{close} the current Arabic environment before any of the
% \enquote*{declared} commands, then \emph{resume} it just after.
% 
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
  It must be noted that \cs{MkArbBreak*} must be used with the utmost
  care and \emph{should never be used} if \cs{MkArbBreak} gives
  satisfaction. At any rate, the latter must always be tested before
  the former.
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% 
%
% \subsection{Environments}
% \label{sec:environments}
% \changes{v1.5}{2016/11/14}{Environments may be nested inside the
%   \texttt{arab} environment}
% \NEWfeature{v1.5} Environments such as
% \arabluaverb{\begin{quote}... \end{quote}} may be nested inside the
% |arab| environment. Up to one optional argument may be passed to
% each nested environment, like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\begin{arab}
  \begin{<environment>}[<options>]
    <Arabic text>
  \end{<environment>}
\end{arab}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% In the following example, the \package{quoting} package is used:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \setquotestyle{arabic}
  \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
    kAna \uc{'abU} \uc{'l-hu_dayli} 'ahd_A 'il_A \uc{muwaysiN}
    dajAjaTaN. wa-kAnat dajAjatu-hu 'llatI 'ahdA-hA dUna mA kAna
    yuttaxa_du li-\uc{muwaysiN}. wa-l_akinna-hu bi-karami-hi
    wa-bi-.husni xuluqi-hi 'a.zhara 'l-ta`ajjuba min simani-hA
    wa-.tIbi la.hmi-hA. wa-kAna <\uc{'abU} \uc{'l-hu_dayli}>
    yu`rafu bi-'l-'imsAki 'l-^sadIdi. fa-qAla: \enquote{wa-kayfa
      ra'ayta yA \uc{'abA} \uc{`imrAna} tilka 'l-dajAjaTa?} qAla:
    \enquote{kAnat `ajabaN mina 'l-`ajabi!}  fa-yaqUlu:
    \begin{quoting}[begintext=\textquotedblright,
      endtext=\textquotedblleft]
      wa-tadrI mA jinsu-hA? wa-tadrI mA sinnu-hA?  fa-'inna
      'l-dajAjaTa 'inna-mA ta.tIbu bi-'l-jinsi wa-'l-sinni.
      wa-tadrI bi-'ayyi ^say'iN kunnA nusamminu-hA? wa-fI 'ayyi
      makAniN kunnA na`lifu-hA?
    \end{quoting}
    fa-lA yazAlu fI h_a_dA wa-'l-'A_haru ya.d.haku .da.hkaN
    na`rifu-hu na.hnu wa-lA ya`rifu-hu \uc{'abU} \uc{'l-hu_dayli}.
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \subsubsection{Lists}
% \label{sec:lists}
% Lists environments are also accepted inside the |arab|
% environment. One may either use any of the three standard list
% environments, viz. |itemize|, |enumerate| and |description| or use
% packages that provide additional refinements such as
% \package{paralist} or \package{enumitem}.
%
% To take a first example, should one wish to typeset a list of
% manuscripts, the |description| environment can be used like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
 \setRL\paragraph{\arb[novoc]{rumUzi 'l-kitAbi}}\setLR
 \begin{arab}[novoc]
  \begin{description}
   \item[b] max.tU.tu 'l-maktabaTi 'l-'ahliyyaTi bi-\uc{bArIs} 2860
    `arabiyyuN.
   \item[s] max.tU.tu 'l-maktabaTi 'l-'ahliyyaTi bi-\uc{bArIs} 2859
    `arabiyyuN.
   \item[m] max.tU.tu majlisi \arb[novoc]{^sUrAY malY} .tahrAna 521.
  \end{description}
 \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% As a second example, the contents of a treatise may be typeset with
% the standard list environments, like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \setRL\centerline{\arb{\textbf{al-qAnUnu fI 'l-.tibbi}}}\setLR
  \begin{arab}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{al-fannu 'l-'awwalu} fI .haddi 'l-.tibbi
      wa-maw.dU`Ati-hi mina 'l-'umUri 'l-.tabI`iyyaTi wa-ya^stamilu
      `al_A sittaTi ta`AlImiN
      \begin{itemize}
        \item \textbf{al-ta`lImu 'l-'awwalu} [wa-huwa fa.slAni]
          \begin{itemize}
          \item \textbf{al-fa.slu 'l-'awwalu}
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
  \end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \label{ref:abjad-list}
% As a third example, abjad-numbered lists can be typeset in
% conjunction with the \package{enumitem} package,\footnote{See the
% documentation of \package{enumitem} for more details:
% \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/enumitem}} like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  % preamble:---
  \usepackage{enumitem}
  \newlist{enumabjad}{enumerate}{10}
  \setlist[enumabjad]{nosep, label={\abjad{\arabic*}}}
  \usepackage{multicol}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
\begin{arabluacode}
  From \textcite[i. 29 B--C]{Wright}:--- The derived forms of the
  triliteral verb are usually reckoned fifteen in number, but the
  learner may pass over the last four, because (with the exception
  of the twelfth) they are of very rare occurrence.
  \RLmulticolcolumns
  \begin{multicols}{3}
    \begin{arab}[fullvoc]
      \begin{enumabjad}
      \item fa`ala
      \item fa``ala
      \item fA`ala
      \item 'af`ala
      \item tafa``ala
      \item tafA`ala
      \item infa`ala
      \item ifta`ala
      \item if`alla
      \item istaf`ala
      \item if`Alla
      \item if`aw`ala
      \item if`awwala
      \item if`anlala
      \item if`anl_A
      \end{enumabjad}
    \end{arab}
  \end{multicols}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% 
% \paragraph{Caveat}
% The various French definition files of the \package{babel} package
% viz. |acadian|, |canadien|, |francais|, |frenchb| or |french| all
% redefine the list environments, which breaks the standard definition
% file that is used by \package{arabluatex}. Therefore,
% \package{babel-french} must be loaded with the |StandardLists=true|
% option, like so:---%
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\usepackage[french]{babel}
\frenchsetup{StandardLists=true}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi%
% This option will prevent \package{babel-french} from interfering
% with the layout of the document. Then the \package{paralist} or
% \package{enumitem} packages can be used to make the lists
% \enquote*{compact} as \package{babel-french} do.
%
% \subsection{\package{csquotes}}
% \label{sec:csquotes}
% The recommended way of inserting quotation marks in running Arabic
% text is to use \package{csquotes}. With the help of the
% \cs{DeclareQuoteStyle} command, one can define an Arabic style, like
% so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\DeclareQuoteStyle{arabic}
{\textquotedblright}{\textquotedblleft}
{\textquoteright}{\textquoteleft}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% Then, use this newly defined style with \cs{setquotestyle}, like so:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\setquotestyle{arabic}
\begin{arab}
  fa-qAla la-hu ju.hA: \enquote{.garIb-uN 'amru-ka yA .sadIqI
    'a-tu.saddiqu 'l-.himAr-a wa-tuka_d_diba-nI?}
\end{arab}
\setquotestyle{english}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \begin{quoting}
%   \textsc{Rem.} Do not forget to set back the quoting style to its
%   initial state once the Arabic environment is closed. See the last
%   line in the code above.
% \end{quoting}
%
% \subsection{Two-argument special commands}
% \label{sec:two-arg-cmds}
%
% \paragraph{textcolor}
% \label{sec:textcolor}
% The two-argument command \cs{textcolor}\marg{color}\marg{Ara\-bic
% text} is supported inside \cs{begin}|{arab}| \ldots\
% \cs{end}|{arab}|. One simple example
% follows:\footnote{\package{arabluatex} provides its own
% \cs{arbcolor} command which is able to render syllabes or diacritics
% in colors. See \vref{sec:color}.}--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
\begin{arab}
  \textcolor{red}{\uc{m}uha_d_dabu \uc{'l-d}Ini \uc{`a}bdu
    \uc{'l-r}a.hImi bnu \uc{`a}liyyiN} huwa ^say_hu-nA 'l-'imAmu
  'l-.sadru 'l-kabIru 'l-`Alimu 'l-fA.dilu \uc{m}uha_d_dabu
  \uc{'l-d}Ini \uc{'a}bU \uc{m}u.hammadiN \uc{`a}bdu
  \uc{'l-r}a.hImi bnu \uc{`a}liyyi bni \uc{.h}AmidiN wa-yu`rafu
  bi-\uc{'l-d}a_hwari.
\end{arab}
\begin{arab}[trans]
  \textcolor{red}{\uc{m}uha_d_dabu \uc{'l-d}Ini \uc{`a}bdu
    \uc{'l-r}a.hImi bnu \uc{`a}liyyiN} huwa ^say_hu-nA 'l-'imAmu
  'l-.sadru 'l-kabIru 'l-`Alimu 'l-fA.dilu \uc{m}uha_d_dabu
  \uc{'l-d}Ini \uc{'a}bU \uc{m}u.hammadiN \uc{`a}bdu
  \uc{'l-r}a.hImi bnu \uc{`a}liyyi bni \uc{.h}AmidiN wa-yu`rafu
  bi-\uc{'l-d}a_hwari.
\end{arab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \paragraph{\package{reledmac}}
% \label{sec:reledmac}
% The two-argument command \cs{edtext}\marg{lemma}\marg{commands} is
% supported inside \cs{begin}|{arab}| \ldots\
% \cs{end}|{arab}|.\footnote{\cs{pstart} and \cs{pend} are also
% supported inside the |arab| environment.} As an example, one may get
% \package{arabluatex} and \package{reledmac} to work together like
% so:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
\beginnumbering
\pstart
\begin{arab}
wa-ya.sIru ta.hta 'l-jild-i
\edtext{\arb{.sadId-uN}}{\Afootnote{M: \arb{.sadId-aN} E1}}
\end{arab}
\pend
\endnumbering
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \subsection{\package{quran}}
% \label{sec:pkg-quran}
% \changes{v1.5}{2016/11/14}{Compatibility with the \textsf{quran}
% package} \package{arabluatex} is compatible with the \package{quran}
% package so that both can be used in conjunction with one another for
% typesetting the \arb[trans]{\uc{qur'An}}. As \package{quran} draws
% the text of the \arb[trans]{\uc{qur'An}} from a Unicode encoded
% database, its commands have to be passed as arguments to the
% \cs{txarb} command for short insertions in left-to-right paragraphs,
% or inserted inside the \index{txarab=txarab (environment)}|txarab|
% environment for typesetting running paragraphs of
% \arb[trans]{\uc{qur'An}}\emph{ic} text (see above
% \vref{sec:unicode-input} for more details). Please note that
% \package{arabluatex} takes care of formatting the Arabic: therefore,
% it is recommended to load the \package{quran} package with the
% |nopar| option, after \package{arabluatex} itself has been loaded,
% like so:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  \usepackage{arabluatex}
  \usepackage[nopar]{quran}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% As an example, the following code will typeset the \arb[trans]{sUraT
% al-\uc{fAti.haT}}:---
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluacode}
  \begin{txarab}
    \quransurah[1]
  \end{txarab}
\end{arabluacode}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
%
% \section{Exporting Unicode Arabic to an external file}
% \label{sec:arabtex2utf}
% \NEWfeature{v.1.13}\package{arabluatex} is able to produce a
% duplicate of the original |.tex| source file in which all |arabtex|
% or |buckwalter| strings will have been replaced with Unicode
% equivalents, either in Arabic script or in any accepted standard of
% transliteration. Exporting \textsc{ascii} strings to Unicode while
% preserving the exact selected global or local options is a fairly
% complex operation which may require \hologo{LuaLaTeX} to be run
% several times as will be explained below.
%
% \paragraph{\texttt{export} global option}
% \DescribeOption{export}
% First, \package{arabluatex} must be loaded with the |export| global
% option enabled, like so:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  % preamble
  \usepackage[export]{arabluatex}
  % or:
  \usepackage[export=true]{arabluatex}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% Once that is done, compiling the current file will produce an empty
% external |.tex| file with the same preamble as the original file.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\SetArbOutSuffix} By default, |_out| is appended as a
% suffix to the external file name. Any other suffix may be set with
% the command \cs{SetArbOutSuffix}\marg{suffix}.
%
% \paragraph{Exporting running paragraphs}
% \DescribeEnv{arabexport} Then, the |arabexport| environment is
% provided to actually exporting running paragraphs with or without
% Arabic environments to the external selected file, like so:--- %
% \iffalse
%<*example>
% \fi
\begin{arabluaverbatim}
  \begin{arabexport}
    <Running paragraphs of either Arabic or non-Arabic text>
  \end{arabexport}
\end{arabluaverbatim}
% \iffalse
%</example>
% \fi
% \package{arabluatex} will leave untouched non-Arabic text, but
% will write in Unicode every Arabic environment to the external
% file.
% 
% \section{Future work}
% \label{sec:future-work}
% A short, uncommented, list of what is planned in the versions of
% \package{arabluatex} to come follows:
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Short-term:
%   \begin{enumerate}
%   \item \texttt{TEI xml} support: \package{arabluatex} will
%     interoperate with \texttt{TEI xml} through new global and local
%     options that will output Arabic in a \texttt{TEI xml} compliant
%     file in addition to the usual PDF output: see
%     \vpageref{ref:tei-to-come}.
%   \end{enumerate}
% \item Medium-term:
%   \begin{enumerate}
%   \item More languages: the list of supported languages will
%     eventually be the same as \package{arabtex}: see
%     \vref{fn:arabtex-languages}.
%   \item Formulate propositions for extending the Arab\TeX\ notation
%     and the transliteration tables. Include them in
%     \package{arabluatex}. See \vref{sec:additional-characters}.
%   \end{enumerate}
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% \section{Implementation}
%
% \iffalse
%<*package>
% \fi
%
% The most important part of \package{arabluatex} relies on Lua
% functions and tables. Read the |.lua| files that accompany
% \package{arabluatex} for more information.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{arabluatex}%
[2018/06/24 v1.12 An ArabTeX-like interface for LuaLaTeX]
\RequirePackage{ifluatex}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \package{arabluatex} requires \hologo{LuaLaTeX} of course. Issue a
% warning if the document is processed with another engine.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifluatex\else
 \PackageError{arabluatex}{lualatex needed}{%
  Package `arabluatex' needs LuaTeX.\MessageBreak
  So you should use `lualatex' to process your document.\MessageBreak
  See documentation of `arabluatex' for further information.}%
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\csname endinput\endcsname
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Declare the global options, and define them:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
\DeclareOptionX{voc}{\def\al@mode{voc}}
\DeclareOptionX{fullvoc}{\def\al@mode{fullvoc}}
\DeclareOptionX{novoc}{\def\al@mode{novoc}}
\DeclareOptionX{trans}{\def\al@mode{trans}}
\define@boolkey{arabluatex.sty}[@pkg@]{export}[true]{%
  \AtBeginDocument{\luadirect{al_openstream()}%
    \MkArbBreak{@al@ob,@al@cb,@al@cb@sp}}
  \AtEndDocument{\luadirect{al_closestream()}}
}
\ExecuteOptionsX{voc}
\ProcessOptionsX\relax
\def\al@mode@voc{voc}
\def\al@mode@fullvoc{fullvoc}
\def\al@mode@novoc{novoc}
\def\al@mode@trans{trans}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Packages that are required by \package{arabluatex}:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{xcolor}
\RequirePackage{luacolor}
\RequirePackage{etoolbox}
\RequirePackage{arabluatex-patch}
\RequirePackage{fontspec}
\RequirePackage{amsmath}
\RequirePackage{luacode}
\RequirePackage{xparse}
\RequirePackage{environ}
\RequirePackage{adjustbox}
\RequirePackage{xstring}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The following boolean will be set to |true| in |RL| mode:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newbool{al@rlmode}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Here begins the real work: load |arabluatex.lua|:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\luadirect{dofile(kpse.find_file("arabluatex.lua"))}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Font setup. If no Arabic font is selected, issue a warning message
% and attempt to load the Amiri font which is included in \TeX{}live:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\ifdefined\arabicfont\relax\else
\PackageWarning{arabluatex}{\string\arabicfont\ is not defined.^^J
  I will try to load Amiri}%
\newfontfamily\arabicfont[Script=Arabic]{Amiri}\fi}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\setRL}
%   This neutralizes what may be defined by other packages:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\def\setRL{\booltrue{al@rlmode}\pardir TRT\textdir TRT}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\setLR}
%   The same applies to \cs{setLR}:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\def\setLR{\boolfalse{al@rlmode}\pardir TLT\textdir TLT}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\LR} This command typesets its argument from left to
% right. As \cs{LR} may be already defined, we need to redefine for
% it to suit our purpose:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\ifdef{\LR}%
  {\RenewDocumentCommand{\LR}{m}{\bgroup\textdir TLT\rmfamily#1\egroup}}
  {\NewDocumentCommand{\LR}{m}{\bgroup\textdir TLT\rmfamily#1\egroup}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\RL} This one typesets its argument from right to
% left. Same remark as above regarding the need of redefinition.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\ifdef{\RL}%
  {\RenewDocumentCommand{\RL}{m}{\bgroup\textdir TRT\rmfamily#1\egroup}}
  {\NewDocumentCommand{\RL}{m}{\bgroup\textdir TRT#1\rmfamily\egroup}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\MkArbBreak}
% \changes{v1.9}{2017/07/05}{New \cs{MkArbBreak} command for
% inserting user-defined macros in Arabic environments} The
% \cs{MkArbBreak}\marg{csv list of commands} command can be used to
% give any command---either new or already existing---the precedence
% over \package{arabluatex} inside Arabic environments. It is
% actually coded in Lua.
% \begin{macro}{\MkArbBreak*}
% \changes{v1.12}{2018/06/24}{\enquote*{starred} version which
% closes Arabic environments before processing declared commands.}
% \cs{MkArbBreak*} goes a step further as it directs
% \package{arabluatex} to close the current Arabic environment before
% processing any \enquote*{declared} command then resume it just
% after.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\MkArbBreak}{s m}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}
  {\luadirect{mkarbbreak(\luastringN{#2}, "out")}}
  {\luadirect{mkarbbreak(\luastringN{#2}, "dflt")}}
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\aemph} Arabic emphasis. Needs to be redefined as
%   well. The function is actually coded in Lua.
% \begin{macro}{\aemph*} The \enquote*{starred} version of this
%   command alway puts the stroke over its argument.
%   \changes{v1.9.2}{2017/10/24}{Starred version which always puts the
%   stroke over its argument}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\ifdef{\aemph}%
  {\RenewDocumentCommand{\aemph}{s m}{%
      \IfBooleanTF{#1}{%
        \luadirect{tex.sprint(aemph(\luastringN{#2}, "over"))}}
      {\luadirect{tex.sprint(aemph(\luastringN{#2}, "dflt"))}}}}
  {\NewDocumentCommand{\aemph}{s m}{%
      \IfBooleanTF{#1}{%
        \luadirect{tex.sprint(aemph(\luastringN{#2}, "over"))}}
      {\luadirect{tex.sprint(aemph(\luastringN{#2}, "dflt"))}}}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\arbcolor}\changes{v1.12}{2018/06/24}{Standard color
% command for Arabic environments}
% \cs{arbcolor}\oarg{color}\marg{Arabic text} takes the Arabic text to
% be colored as argument.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arbcolor}{o m}{%
  \IfNoValueTF{#1}{#2}{\textcolor{#1}{#2}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\SetInputScheme}
%   \changes{v1.4}{2016/07/05}{\cs{SetInputScheme} can be used to
%   process other input schemes such as \enquote*{Buckwalter}}
%   \package{arabluatex} is designed for processing Arab\TeX\ input
%   notation. \cs{SetInputScheme} may be used in the preamble or at
%   any point of the document should the user wish to use a different
%   notation such as the \enquote*{Buckwalter scheme}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\al@input@scheme{arabtex}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetInputScheme}{m}{\def\al@input@scheme{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\SetArbEasy}
%   \changes{v1.2}{2016/05/09}{New \cs{SetArbEasy}/\cs{SetArbDflt} for
%   \enquote*{modern} or \enquote*{classic} Arabic styles.}
% \begin{macro}{\SetArbEasy*}
%   \changes{v1.4.4}{2016/09/28}{this starred version discards the
%   \arb[trans]{sukUn} in addition to what is already discarded by
%   \cs{SetArbEasy}.}
% \begin{macro}{\SetArbDflt}
%   By default, \package{arabluatex} applies complex rules to generate
%   euphonic \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}, \arb[trans]{'alif mamdUdaT} and
%   \arb[trans]{sukUn} depending on the modes which are selected,
%   either |voc|, |fullvoc| or |trans|. Such refinements can be
%   discarded with \cs{SetArbEasy}, either globally in the preamble or
%   at any point of the document. Note that \cs{SetArbEasy} keeps the
%   \arb[trans]{sukUn} that is generated, while the starred version
%   \cs{SetArbEasy*} takes it away. Default complex rules can be set
%   back at any point of the document with \cs{SetArbDflt}.
% \begin{macro}{\SetArbDflt*}
%   \changes{v1.6}{2016/12/17}{This starred version applies the
%   assimilation rules in addition to what \cs{SetArbDflt} already
%   does.} As of v1.6, \package{arabluatex} does not applies any more
%   the assimilation rules that are laid on \vref{ref:assimilation}; a
%   new starred version \cs{SetArbDflt*} is now available to the user
%   should he wish to apply them.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\al@arb@rules{dflt}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetArbEasy}{s}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}
  {\def\al@arb@rules{easynosukun}}
  {\def\al@arb@rules{easy}}}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetArbDflt}{s}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}
  {\def\al@arb@rules{idgham}}
  {\def\al@arb@rules{dflt}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\SetTranslitFont}
%   \changes{v1.4}{2016/07/05}{For selecting a specific font for
%   transliterated texts} By default, the font that is used for
%   transliterated text is the main font of the document. Any other
%   font may also be selected with the font-selecting commands of the
%   \package{fontspec} package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\al@trans@font{\rmfamily}%
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetTranslitFont}{m}{\def\al@trans@font{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\SetTranslitStyle} By default any transliterated
%   Arabic text is printed in italics. This can be changed either
%   globally in the preamble or at any point of the document:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\al@trans@style{\itshape}%
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetTranslitStyle}{m}{\def\al@trans@style{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\SetTranslitConvention}
%   \cs{SetTranslitConvention}\marg{convention} can be used to change
%   the transliteration convention, which is |dmg| by default:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\al@trans@convention{dmg}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetTranslitConvention}{m}{\def\al@trans@convention{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\arbup}
% \changes{v1.3}{2016/05/28}{\arb[trans]{'i`rAb} is now written as
% superscript text in \texttt{dmg} mode by default.}
% \begin{macro}{\NoArbUp}
% \begin{macro}{\ArbUpDflt}
% \begin{macro}{\SetArbUp}
%   By default, \cs{arbup} is set to \cs{textsuperscript}. This is how
%   the \arb[trans]{tanwIn} that takes place at the end of a word
%   should be displayed in |dmg| mode. \cs{NoArbUp} may be used
%   either in the preamble or at any point of the document in case one
%   wishes to have the \arb[trans]{tanwIn} on the line. The default
%   rule can be set back with \cs{ArbUpDflt} at any point of the
%   document. Finally \cs{SetArbUp} can be used to customize the way
%   \arb[trans]{tanwIn} is displayed: this command takes the
%   formatting directives as argument, like so:
%   \cs{SetArbUp}\marg{code}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\al@arbup@dflt}{m}{\textsuperscript{\thinspace#1}}%
\NewDocumentCommand{\al@arbup}{m}{\al@arbup@dflt{#1}}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arbup}{m}{\al@arbup{#1}}
\NewDocumentCommand{\ArbUpDflt}{}{\let\al@arbup=\al@arbup@dflt}
\NewDocumentCommand{\NoArbUp}{}{\RenewDocumentCommand{\al@arbup}{m}{##1}}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetArbUp}{m}{\RenewDocumentCommand{\al@arbup}{m}{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\uc} Proper Arabic names or book titles should be
% passed to the \cs{uc} command so that they have their first letters
% uppercased. \cs{uc} is actually coded in Lua.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\uc}{m}%
  {\luadirect{tex.sprint(uc(\luastringN{#1}))}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\Uc} \cs{uc} can be used safely in all of the modes
%   that are provided by \package{arabluatex} as any of the |voc|,
%   |fullvoc| and |novoc| modes discard it on top of any other
%   functions to be run.  \cs{Uc} does the same as \cs{uc} except
%   that \emph{it is never discarded}. For that reason, \cs{Uc}
%   \emph{should never be used outside the} |trans|
%   \emph{mode}. \package{arabluatex} uses \cs{Uc} internally so as
%   to prevent \cs{uc} from being discarded in case words that are to
%   be transliterated are inserted into Arabic commands or
%   environments where transliteration is not required. Therefore, it
%   is not documented.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\Uc\uc
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\prname}\changes{v1.10}{2018/01/03}{New command for
% typesetting Arabic proper names in transliteration} \cs{prname} is
% to be used outside Arabic environments for proper names. It takes as
% argument one or more Arabic words, each of which will be rendered in
% upright roman style with its first letter uppercased.
% \begin{macro}{\prname*}\changes{v1.13}{2018/08/22}{Renders proper
% names already converted to Unicode in upright roman style}
% Unlike \cs{prname}, \cs{prname*} does not take |arabtex| or
% |buckwalter| input as argument, but already Unicode converted
% names and renders them in upright roman style.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\prname}{s m}{%
  \bgroup\SetTranslitStyle{\relax}%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{\txtrans{#2}}{\arb[trans]{\uc{#2}}}\egroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\txarb} \cs{txarb} sets the direction to right-to-left
%   and selects the Arabic font. It is used internally by several Lua
%   functions, but available to the user should he wish to insert
%   |utf8| Arabic text in his document.
% \begin{macro}{\txtrans} \cs{txtrans} is used internally by several
% Lua functions to insert transliterated Arabic text. Therefore, it is
% not documented.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\txarb}{+m}{%
  \bgroup\textdir TRT\arabicfont#1\egroup}
\NewDocumentCommand{\txtrans}{+m}{%
  \bgroup\textdir TLT\al@trans@font\al@trans@style#1\egroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{txarab}
%   \changes{v1.5}{2016/11/14}{New \texttt{txarab} environment for
%   typesetting running paragraphs in Unicode Arabic} The |txarab|
%   environment does for paragraphs the same as \cs{txarb} does for
%   short insertions of |utf8| Arabic text.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentEnvironment{txarab}{}{%
  \par%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \pardir TRT\textdir TRT\arabicfont}{\par}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\arb}
%   The \cs{arb} command detects which Arabic mode is to be used,
%   either globally if no option is set, or locally, then passes its
%   argument to the appropriate Lua function.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arb}{O{\al@mode} +m}%
{\edef\@tempa{#1}%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@voc%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \bgroup\textdir TRT%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processvoc(\luastringN{#2},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules}, \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \boolfalse{al@rlmode}%
  \else%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@fullvoc%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \bgroup\textdir TRT%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processfullvoc(\luastringN{#2},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules}, \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \boolfalse{al@rlmode}%
  \else%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@novoc%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \bgroup\textdir TRT%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processnovoc(\luastringN{#2},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules}, \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \boolfalse{al@rlmode}%
  \else%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@trans%
  \bgroup\textdir TLT\al@trans@style%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processtrans(\luastringN{#2},
    \luastringO{\al@trans@convention},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules},
    \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \else%
  \fi\fi\fi\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\arbmark}
%   \changes{v1.11}{2018/03/31}{New command for inserting additional
%   marks in Arabic environments}
%   \cs{arbmark}\oarg{rl\textbar{}lr}\marg{shorthand} takes one
%   argument from a list of defined elements.
%   \changes{v1.13}{2018/08/23}{New optional argument: either
%   \texttt{rl} or \texttt{lr}} The mark to be inserted is determined
%   by contextual analysis or by an optional argument, either |rl| or
%   |lr|. This command is coded in Lua.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arbmark}{O{} m}{%
  \bgroup%
  \SetInputScheme{arabtex}%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processarbmarks(\luastringN{#2},
    \luastringN{#1}))}%
  \egroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\newarbmark}
% \changes{v1.11}{2018/03/31}{Allows defining additional sets of Arabic
% marks} \cs{newarbmark} lets the user define additional Arabic
% marks. As \cs{arbmark}, this command is coded in Lua.  It takes
% three arguments: the abbreviated form to be used as argument of
% \cs{arbmark}, the rendition in Arabic script and the rendition in
% romanized Arabic.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\newarbmark}{m m m}{%
  \luadirect{newarbmark(\luastringN{#1}, \luastringN{#2}, \luastringN{#3})}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{arab}
% The |arab| environment does for paragraphs the same as \cs{arb} does
% for short insertions of Arabic text.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewEnviron{arab}[1][\al@mode]%
{\par\edef\@tempa{#1}%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@voc%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \bgroup\pardir TRT\textdir TRT%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processvoc(\luastringO{\BODY},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules}, \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \else%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@fullvoc%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \bgroup\pardir TRT\textdir TRT%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processfullvoc(\luastringO{\BODY},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules}, \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \else%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@novoc%
  \booltrue{al@rlmode}%
  \bgroup\pardir TRT\textdir TRT%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processnovoc(\luastringO{\BODY},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules}, \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \else%
  \ifx\@tempa\al@mode@trans%
  \bgroup\pardir TLT\textdir TLT\al@trans@style%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(processtrans(\luastringO{\BODY},
    \luastringO{\al@trans@convention},
    \luastringO{\al@arb@rules},
    \luastringO{\al@input@scheme}))}\egroup%
  \else \fi\fi\fi\fi}[\par]
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{environment}{arabverse}
%   \changes{v1.6}{2016/12/17}{New environment \texttt{arabverse} for
%   typesetting Arabic poetry} The |arabverse| environment may receive
%   different options: |mode|, |width|, |gutter|, |metre|, |color|,
%   |utf| and |delim|; all of them are defined here just before the
%   |arabverse| environment. \changes{v1.13}{2018/08/06}{New option
%   \texttt{color} to \texttt{arabverse} environment.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength{\al@bayt@width}
\newlength{\al@gutter@width}
\setlength{\al@bayt@width}{.3\textwidth}
\setlength{\al@gutter@width}{.15\al@bayt@width}
\define@key[al]{verse}{width}{\setlength{\al@bayt@width}{#1}}
\define@key[al]{verse}{gutter}{\setlength{\al@gutter@width}{#1}}
\define@key[al]{verse}{metre}{\arb{#1}}
\define@key[al]{verse}{color}[]{\color{#1}}
\define@boolkey[al]{verse}{utf}[true]{}
\define@boolkey[al]{verse}{delim}[true]{}
\define@boolkey[al]{verse}{export}[true]{}
\define@choicekey[al]{verse}{mode}{fullvoc, voc, novoc,
  trans}{\def\al@mode{#1}}
\presetkeys[al]{verse}{metre={}, utf=false,
  delim=false}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Then follows the environment itself:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentEnvironment{arabverse}{O{}}%
{\bgroup\setkeys[al]{verse}[width, gutter, color, utf, delim,
  metre]{#1}%
  \if@pkg@export\ifal@verse@export%
  \ArbOutFile{\begin{arabverse}}%
    \ifx\al@mode\al@mode@trans%
      \luadirect{tooutfile(\luastringN{[#1]})}%
    \else%
      \IfSubStr[1]{#1}{utf}%
        {\luadirect{tooutfile(\luastringN{[#1]})}}%
        {\luadirect{tooutfile(\luastringN{[#1, utf]})}}%
    \fi
  \else\fi\else\fi\egroup%
  \par\centering\noindent\bgroup\setkeys[al]{verse}[metre]{#1}%
  \ifx\al@mode\al@mode@trans%
    \ifal@verse@utf\setRL\else\setLR\fi%
  \else\setRL\fi%
  \arab@v@export{#1}
  }%
  {\endarab@v@export
    \hfill\setkeys[al]{verse}[width, gutter, color, utf, delim, mode,
    export]{#1}%
    \egroup\par%
    \bgroup\setkeys[al]{verse}[width, gutter, color, utf, delim, mode,
    metre]{#1}%
    \if@pkg@export\ifal@verse@export%
    \ArbOutFile{\end{arabverse}}
  \else\fi\else\fi\egroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\bayt}
%   \changes{v1.6}{2016/12/17}{New macro \cs{bayt} for typesetting
%   each verse inside the \texttt{arabverse} environment} Each verse
%   consists of two hemistichs; therefore the \cs{bayt} command takes
%   two arguments, the first receives the \arb[trans]{.sadr} and the
%   second the \arb[trans]{`ajuz}. That two subsequent hemistichs
%   should be connected with one another is technically named
%   \arb[trans]{tadwIr}. In some of these cases, the hemistichs may be
%   connected by a prominent horizontal flexible stroke which is drawn
%   by the \cs{al@verse@stroke} command.
% \begin{macro}{\SetHemistichDelim}
%   \changes{v1.6}{2016/12/17}{New \cs{SetHemistichDelim} command for
%   changing the default delimiter between hemistichs} A hemistich
%   delimiter also may be defined. By default, it is set to the
%   \enquote*{star} character: |*|. The
%   \cs{SetHemistichDelim}\marg{delimiter} command can be used at any
%   point of the document to change this default setting.
% \end{macro}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arb@utf}{m}{%
  \ifal@verse@utf\txarb{#1}\else\arb{#1}\fi}
\def\al@hemistich@delim{*}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetHemistichDelim}{m}{\def\al@hemistich@delim{#1}}
\def\al@verse@stroke{\leavevmode\xleaders\hbox{\arb{--}}\hfill\kern0pt}
\NewDocumentCommand{\bayt}{s m o m}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{\relax}{\relax}%
  {^^^^200b}% quick fix to a bug (or a missing feature) in either
            % luacolor or adjustbox 
  \ifdefined\savenotes\savenotes\else\fi%
  \edef\al@tatweel{--}%
  \adjustbox{width=\al@bayt@width, height=\Height}{\arb@utf{#2}}%
  \IfNoValueTF{#3}{%
    \ifal@verse@delim\makebox[\al@gutter@width][c]{\al@hemistich@delim}%
    \else%
    \hspace{\al@gutter@width}%
    \fi
  }{%
    \edef\@tempa{#3}%
    \ifx\@tempa\al@tatweel%
    \ifx\al@mode\al@mode@trans%
    \hspace{\al@gutter@width}%
    \else%
    \makebox[\al@gutter@width][s]{\al@verse@stroke}%
    \fi%
    \else%
    \ifx\al@mode\al@mode@trans%
    \adjustbox{width=\al@gutter@width, height=\Height}{\arb@utf{#3}}%
    \else%
    \makebox[\al@gutter@width][s]{\arb@utf{#3}}%
    \fi\fi}%
  \adjustbox{width=\al@bayt@width, height=\Height}{\arb@utf{#4}}%
  \ifdefined\spewnotes\spewnotes\else\fi%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\abjad} \cs{abjad}\marg{number} expresses its argument
%   in Arabic letters in accordance with the \arb[trans]{'abjad}
%   arrangement of the alphabet. \meta{number} must be between 1 and
%   1999. It is now coded in Lua so that \package{polyglossia} is no
%   longer needed. See |arabluatex.lua| for more information.
%   \changes{v1.1}{2016/04/26}{New and more flexible \protect\cs{abjad}
%   command.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \ifdefined\abjad%
  \RenewDocumentCommand{\abjad}{m}%
  {\ifbool{al@rlmode}%
    {\aemph{\luadirect{tex.sprint(abjadify(\luastring{#1}))}}}
    {\luadirect{tex.sprint(abjadify(\luastring{#1}))}}}
  \else%
  \NewDocumentCommand{\abjad}{m}%
  {\ifbool{al@rlmode}%
    {\aemph{\luadirect{tex.sprint(abjadify(\luastring{#1}))}}}
    {\luadirect{tex.sprint(abjadify(\luastring{#1}))}}}
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\arbnull}
%   \changes{v1.7}{2016/12/24}{New \cs{arbnull} command for putting
%   back on any contextual analysis rule broken by other commands.}
%   The \cs{arbnull} command does nothing by itself. It is processed
%   only if it is found in Arabic context so as to put back on
%   contextual analysis in case it has been broken by other commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arbnull}{m}{\relax}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\abraces}
%   \cs{abraces}\marg{Arabic text} puts its argument between
%   braces. This macro is written in Lua and is dependent on the
%   current value of |tex.textdir|.
%   \changes{v1.4.3}{2016/09/14}{New \cs{abraces} command which
%   expresses its argument between braces.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\abraces}{+m}{%
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(abraces(\luastringN{#1}))}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\LRmarginpar} \cs{LRmarginpar} is supposed to be
%   inserted in an Arabic environment. It typsets his argument in a
%   marginal note from left to right.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareDocumentCommand{\LRmarginpar}{o m}{%
  \IfNoValueTF{#1}
  {\marginpar{\textdir TLT #2}}
  {\marginpar[\textdir TLT #1]{\textdir TLT #2}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\LRfootnote} \cs{LRfootnote} and \cs{RLfootnote} are
%   supposed to be used in Arabic environments for insertions of non
%   Arabic text. \cs{LRfootnote} typesets its argument left-to-right\ldots
%   \begin{macro}{\RLfootnote} while \cs{RLfootnote} typesets its
%   argument left-to-right.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareDocumentCommand{\LRfootnote}{m}{\bgroup\pardir
  TLT\textdir TLT\footnote{#1}\egroup}
\DeclareDocumentCommand{\RLfootnote}{m}{\bgroup\pardir
  TRT\textdir TRT\footnote{#1}\egroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
%   \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\FixArbFtnmk} In the preamble, just below
%   \cs{usepackage}|{arabluatex}|, \cs{FixArbFtnmk} may be of some
%   help in case the footnote numbers at the bottom of the page are
%   printed in the wrong direction. This quick fix uses and loads
%   \package{scrextend} if it is not already loaded.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\FixArbFtnmk}{}{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{scrextend}%
  {\AtBeginDocument{\deffootnote{2em}{1.6em}{\LR{\thefootnotemark}.\enskip}}}%
  {\RequirePackage{scrextend}
  \AtBeginDocument{\deffootnote{2em}{1.6em}{\LR{\thefootnotemark}.\enskip}}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% 
% \paragraph*{Exporting Unicode Arabic to external file}
% \begin{macro}{\SetArbOutSuffix}
% \changes{v1.13}{2018/08/13}{Sets a suffix to be appended to the
% filename of the external Unicode file.}By default, |_out| is the
% suffix to be appended to the external file in which
% \package{arabluatex} exports Unicode in place of
% |arabtex| or |buckwalter| strings. Any other suffix may be
% set with \cs{SetArbOutSuffix}\marg{suffix}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\SetArbOutSuffix}{m}{
  \luadirect{al_utffilesuffix(\luastringN{#1})}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\ArbOutFile}
%   \changes{v1.13}{2018/08/13}{Silently exports its argument in the
%   selected external file.}
%   \cs{ArbOutFile}\oarg{newline}\marg{string} silently exports
%   \meta{string} to the external selected file. It may take |newline|
%   as an optional argument in which case a carriage return is
%   appended to |string|.
% \begin{macro}{\ArbOutFile*}
%   \cs{ArbOutFile*}\oarg{newline}\marg{string} does the same as
%   \cs{ArbOutFile} but also inserts \meta{string} in the current
%   |.tex| source file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\ArbOutFile}{s O{no} +m}{%
  \if@pkg@export%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{%
    #3\luadirect{tooutfile(\luastringN{#3}, "#2")}}{%
    \luadirect{tooutfile(\luastringN{#3}, "#2")}}%
  \else\IfBooleanTF{#1}{#3}{}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{arabexport}
%   \changes{v1.13}{2018/08/13}{Processes and print its argument in
%   the current file and exports it in full Unicode in the external
%   selected \texttt{.tex} file.} The |arabexport| environment
%   processes and prints its argument unchanged to the current |.pdf|
%   file. Additionally, if \package{arabluatex} is loaded with the
%   |export| option, this argument is exported to the external
%   selected |.tex| file with Unicode in place of the original
%   |arabtex| or |buckwalter| strings.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewEnviron{arabexport}{%
  \if@pkg@export%
  \par
  \BODY
  \luadirect{al_doexport("yes")}
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(arbtoutf(\luastringO{\BODY}))}
  \luadirect{al_doexport("no")}
  \else\par\BODY\fi
  }[\par]
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{environment}{arab@v@export} The |arab@v@export| environment
%   does for |arabverse| the same as |arabexport|. It is used
%   internally by |arabverse|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewEnviron{arab@v@export}[1]{%
  \setkeys[al]{verse}[width, gutter, color, utf, delim, mode,
  metre]{#1}
  \if@pkg@export\ifal@verse@export%
  \par
  \BODY
  \luadirect{al_doexport("arabverse")}
  \luadirect{tex.sprint(arbtoutf(\luastringO{\BODY}))}
  \luadirect{al_doexport("no")}
  \else\par\BODY\fi\else\par\BODY\fi
}[\par]
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\arbpardir}
% \changes{v1.13}{2018/08/13}{Sets the direction of Arabic paragraphs
% once they are converted to Unicode.} \cs{arbpardir} is automatically
% inserted by \package{arabluatex} at the beginning of Arabic
% paragraphs converted to Unicode so that they are printed in the
% right direction.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand{\arbpardir}{}{%
  \ifx\al@mode\al@mode@trans\setLR\else\booltrue{al@rlmode}\setRL\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% 
% \subsection*{Errors and Warnings}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\al@warning}[1]{\PackageWarning{arabluatex}{#1}}
\newcommand{\al@error}[2]{\PackageError{arabluatex}{#1}{#2}}
\newcommand{\al@wrong@nesting}{\al@error{%
    (RL/LR)\string\footnote\space is not allowed\MessageBreak inside
    \string\RL{} and \string\RL{} commands}{%
    Get rid of the surrounding \string\RL{} or \string\LR{} command.}}
\newcommand{\al@wrong@mark}{\al@warning{%
    Unknown Arabic mark in \string\arbmark{}. Replaced
    with\MessageBreak <??>. Please check your code}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% That is it. Say goodbye before leaving.
%
% \iffalse
%</package>
% \fi
%
% \subsection*{Patches}
% \label{sec:patches}
%
% \iffalse
%<*patch>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{arabluatex-patch}%
[2016/11/14 v1.0 patches for arabluatex]
%    \end{macrocode}
% I have put in a separate |.sty| file external lines of code that
% I had to patch for a good reason. I hate doing this, and hopefully,
% most of these lines will disappear as soon as they are not required
% anymore.
%
% The following is taken from |latex.ltx|. I had to make this patch
% for I could not find a way to process the list environments in
% right-to-left mode. The \hologo{LuaTeX} primitives \cs{bodydir} and
% \cs{pagedir} will eventually allow us to get rid of this:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\list#1#2{%
  \ifnum \@listdepth >5\relax
    \@toodeep
  \else
    \global\advance\@listdepth\@ne
  \fi
  \rightmargin\z@
  \listparindent\z@
  \itemindent\z@
  \csname @list\romannumeral\the\@listdepth\endcsname
  \def\@itemlabel{#1}%
  \let\makelabel\@mklab
  \@nmbrlistfalse
  #2\relax
  \@trivlist
  \parskip\parsep
  \parindent\listparindent
  \advance\linewidth -\rightmargin
  \advance\linewidth -\leftmargin
%    \end{macrocode}
% patch begins:
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifbool{al@rlmode}{\advance\@totalleftmargin \rightmargin}%
  {\advance\@totalleftmargin \leftmargin}
%    \end{macrocode}
% patch ends.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \parshape \@ne \@totalleftmargin \linewidth
  \ignorespaces}
\def\@item[#1]{%
  \if@noparitem
    \@donoparitem
  \else
    \if@inlabel
      \indent \par
    \fi
    \ifhmode
      \unskip\unskip \par
    \fi
    \if@newlist
      \if@nobreak
        \@nbitem
      \else
        \addpenalty\@beginparpenalty
        \addvspace\@topsep
        \addvspace{-\parskip}%
      \fi
    \else
      \addpenalty\@itempenalty
      \addvspace\itemsep
    \fi
    \global\@inlabeltrue
  \fi
  \everypar{%
    \@minipagefalse
    \global\@newlistfalse
    \if@inlabel
      \global\@inlabelfalse
      {\setbox\z@\lastbox
       \ifvoid\z@
         \kern-\itemindent
       \fi}%
      \box\@labels
      \penalty\z@
    \fi
    \if@nobreak
      \@nobreakfalse
      \clubpenalty \@M
    \else
      \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
      \everypar{}%
    \fi}%
  \if@noitemarg
    \@noitemargfalse
    \if@nmbrlist
      \refstepcounter\@listctr
    \fi
  \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% patch begins:
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifbool{al@rlmode}{\sRLbox\@tempboxa{\makelabel{#1}}}{%
  \sbox\@tempboxa{\makelabel{#1}}}%
  \ifbool{al@rlmode}{\global\setbox\@labels\hbox dir TRT}%
  {\global\setbox\@labels\hbox}{%
%    \end{macrocode}
% patch ends.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \unhbox\@labels
    \hskip \itemindent
    \hskip -\labelwidth
    \hskip -\labelsep
    \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\labelwidth
      \box\@tempboxa
    \else
      \hbox to\labelwidth {\unhbox\@tempboxa}%
    \fi
    \hskip \labelsep}%
  \ignorespaces}
%    \end{macrocode}
% This is adapted from Vafa Khalighi's \package{bidi} package. Thanks
% to him.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\sRLbox#1#2{\setbox#1\hbox dir TRT{%
  \color@setgroup#2\color@endgroup}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \iffalse
%</patch>
% \fi
%
% \Finale
\endinput