aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/arabluatex.dtx
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'arabluatex.dtx')
-rw-r--r--arabluatex.dtx229
1 files changed, 203 insertions, 26 deletions
diff --git a/arabluatex.dtx b/arabluatex.dtx
index d61316d..8ed305c 100644
--- a/arabluatex.dtx
+++ b/arabluatex.dtx
@@ -324,9 +324,9 @@
324% does not show the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT} above the \arb[trans]{'alif}; 324% does not show the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT} above the \arb[trans]{'alif};
325% instead, the accompanying vowel is expressed (\arb{u a i}). 325% instead, the accompanying vowel is expressed (\arb{u a i}).
326% 326%
327% \DescribeOption{fullvoc}\\ In addition to what the |voc| mode does, 327% \DescribeOption{fullvoc}\\ \label{fullvoc-mode}In addition to what
328% |fullvoc| expresses the \arb[trans]{sukUn} and the 328% the |voc| mode does, |fullvoc| expresses the \arb[trans]{sukUn} and
329% \arb[trans]{wa.slaT}. 329% the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT}.
330% 330%
331% \DescribeOption{novoc}\\ None of the diacritics is showed in |novoc| 331% \DescribeOption{novoc}\\ None of the diacritics is showed in |novoc|
332% mode, unless otherwise specified (see \enquote{quoting} technique 332% mode, unless otherwise specified (see \enquote{quoting} technique
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ consonants, though three of them are also used as vowels
393\begin{arabluacode} 393\begin{arabluacode}
394 \begin{arab} 394 \begin{arab}
395 'at_A .sadIquN 'il_A ju.hA ya.tlubu min-hu .himAra-hu 395 'at_A .sadIquN 'il_A ju.hA ya.tlubu min-hu .himAra-hu
396 li-yarkaba-hu fI safraTiN qa.sIraTiN wa-qAla la-hu: 396 li-yarkaba-hu fI safraTiN qa.sIraTiN. wa-qAla la-hu:
397 \enquote{sawfa 'u`Idu-hu 'ilay-ka fI 'l-masA'i 397 \enquote{sawfa 'u`Idu-hu 'ilay-ka fI 'l-masA'i
398 wa-'adfa`u la-ka 'ujraTaN.} fa-qAla ju.hA: 398 wa-'adfa`u la-ka 'ujraTaN.} fa-qAla ju.hA:
399 \enquote{'anA 'AsifuN jiddaN 'annI lA 'asta.tI`u 'an 399 \enquote{'anA 'AsifuN jiddaN 'annI lA 'asta.tI`u 'an
@@ -700,6 +700,11 @@ consonants, though three of them are also used as vowels
700% \arb[trans]{'iqlIduN}, |'anna| \arb[voc]{'anna} 700% \arb[trans]{'iqlIduN}, |'anna| \arb[voc]{'anna}
701% \arb[trans]{'anna}, |'inna| \arb[voc]{'inna} \arb[trans]{'inna}. 701% \arb[trans]{'anna}, |'inna| \arb[voc]{'inna} \arb[trans]{'inna}.
702% 702%
703% \arb[trans]{hamzaT} followed by the long vowel \arb[novoc]{U} is
704% encoded |'_U|: |'_Ul_A| \arb[voc]{'_Ul_A} \arb[trans]{'_Ul_A}, |'_UlU|
705% \arb[voc]{'_UlU} \arb[trans]{'_UlU}, |'_UlA'ika|
706% \arb[voc]{'_UlA'ika} \arb[trans]{'_UlA'ika}.
707%
703% \textbf{Middle \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}: |xA.ti'Ina| 708% \textbf{Middle \arb[trans]{hamzaT}}: |xA.ti'Ina|
704% \arb[voc]{xA.ti'Ina} \arb[trans]{xA.ti'Ina}, |ru'UsuN| 709% \arb[voc]{xA.ti'Ina} \arb[trans]{xA.ti'Ina}, |ru'UsuN|
705% \arb[voc]{ru'UsuN}, \arb[trans]{ru'UsuN}, |xa.tI'aTuN| 710% \arb[voc]{ru'UsuN}, \arb[trans]{ru'UsuN}, |xa.tI'aTuN|
@@ -788,40 +793,212 @@ consonants, though three of them are also used as vowels
788% \end{quote} 793% \end{quote}
789% 794%
790% \paragraph{\arb[trans]{^saddaT}} 795% \paragraph{\arb[trans]{^saddaT}}
791% The \emph{necessary} \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} that always follows a 796% \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} is either \emph{necessary} or \emph{euphonic}.
792% vowel, whether short or long \parencite[see][i. 15 A--B]{Wright}, is 797%
793% encoded in writing the consonant that carries it twice: 798% \subparagraph{The necessary \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}} always follows a
799% vowel, whether short or long \parencite[see][i. 15 A--B]{Wright}. It
800% is encoded in writing the consonant that carries it twice:
794% \begin{quote} 801% \begin{quote}
795% |`allaqa| \arb[voc]{`allaqa} \arb[trans]{`allaqa}, |mAdduN| 802% |`allaqa| \arb[voc]{`allaqa} \arb[trans]{`allaqa}, |mAdduN|
796% \arb[voc]{mAdduN} \arb[trans]{mAdduN}, |'ammara| 803% \arb[voc]{mAdduN} \arb[trans]{mAdduN}, |'ammara|
797% \arb[voc]{'ammara} \arb[trans]{ammara}, |murruN| \arb[voc]{murruN} 804% \arb[voc]{'ammara} \arb[trans]{ammara}, |murruN| \arb[voc]{murruN}
798% \arb[trans]{murruN} 805% \arb[trans]{murruN}
799% \end{quote} 806% \end{quote}
800% 807%
801% The same applies e.g. for the \emph{euphonic} \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} 808% \subparagraph{The euphonic \arb[trans]{ta^sdId}} always follows a
802% with the letters \arb[novoc]{r}, \arb[novoc]{l}, \arb[novoc]{m}, 809% vowelless consonant which is passed over in pronunciation and
810% assimilated to a following consonant. It may be
811% found \parencite[i. 15 B--16 C]{Wright}:---
812% \begin{enumerate}[(a)]
813% \item With the \emph{solar} letters \arb[novoc]{t}, \arb[novoc]{_t},
814% \arb[novoc]{d}, \arb[novoc]{_d}, \arb[novoc]{r}, \arb[novoc]{z},
815% \arb[novoc]{s}, \arb[novoc]{^s}, \arb[novoc]{.s}, \arb[novoc]{.d},
816% \arb[novoc]{.t}, \arb[novoc]{.z}, \arb[novoc]{l}, \arb[novoc]{n},
817% after the article \arb[fullvoc]{al-}:---
818% \iffalse
819%<*example>
820% \fi
821\begin{arabluacode}[text only]
822 Unlike \package{arabtex} and \package{arabxetex},
823 \package{arabluatex} \emph{never requires the solar letter to be
824 written twice}, as it automatically generates the euphonic
825 \arb[trans]{ta^sdId} above the letter that carries it, whether the
826 article is written in the assimilated form or not, e.g. |al-^samsu|
827 \arb[voc]{al-^samsu} \arb[trans]{al-^samsu}, or |a^s-^samsu|
828 \arb[voc]{a^s-^samsu} \arb[trans]{a^s-^samsu}.
829\end{arabluacode}
830% \iffalse
831%</example>
832% \fi
833% \begin{quote}
834% |al-tamru| \arb[voc]{al-tamru} \arb[trans]{al-tamru},
835% |al-ra.hm_anu| \arb[voc]{al-ra.hm_anu} \arb[trans]{al-ra.hm_anu},
836% |al-.zulmu| \arb[voc]{al-.zulmu} \arb[trans]{al-.zulmu},
837% |al-lu.gaTu| \arb[voc]{al-lu.gaTu} \arb[trans]{al-lu.gaTu}.
838% \end{quote}
839% \item With the letters \arb[novoc]{r}, \arb[novoc]{l}, \arb[novoc]{m},
803% \arb[novoc]{w}, \arb[novoc]{y} after \arb[voc]{n} with 840% \arb[novoc]{w}, \arb[novoc]{y} after \arb[voc]{n} with
804% \arb[trans]{jazmaT}, or with the letter \arb[voc]{t} after the 841% \arb[trans]{jazmaT}, and also after the \arb[trans]{tanwIn}:---
805% dentals (\arb[novoc]{_t}, \arb[novoc]{d}, \arb[novoc]{_d},
806% \arb[novoc]{.d}, \arb[novoc]{.t}, \arb[novoc]{.z}):
807% \begin{quote} 842% \begin{quote}
808% |min rabbi-hi| \arb[voc]{min rabbi-hi}, \arb[trans]{min 843% Note the absence of \arb[trans]{sukUn} above the passed over
809% rabbi-hi},\footnote{\arb[trans]{min rabbi-hi} is actually wrong; 844% \arb[novoc]{n} in the following examples, each of which is
810% the correct romanization should be \emph{mir rabbi-hi}. Please 845% accompanied with a consistent transliteration: |min rabbi-hi|
811% adapt. This feature will be implemented in the next release of 846% \arb[fullvoc]{min rabbi-hi}, \arb[trans]{min rabbi-hi}, %
812% \package{arabluatex}.} % 847% |min layliN| \arb[fullvoc]{min layliN} \arb[trans]{min layliN}, %
813% |min layliN| \arb[voc]{min layliN} \arb[trans]{min 848% |'an yaqtula| \arb[fullvoc]{'an yaqtula} \arb[trans]{'an yaqtula}.
814% layliN},\footnote{For \emph{mil laylin}.}, % 849%
815% |'an yaqtula| \arb[voc]{'an yaqtula} \arb[trans]{'an 850% With \arb[trans]{tanwIn}: |kitAbuN mubInuN| %
816% yaqtula},\footnote{For \emph{ʾay yaqtula}.} |kitAbuN mubInuN| 851% \arb[voc]{kitAbuN mubInuN} \arb[trans]{kitAbuN mubInuN}.%
817% \arb[voc]{kitAbuN mubInuN} \arb[trans]{kitAbuN mubInuN}. 852% \end{quote}
818% 853% \item With the letter \arb[voc]{t} after the dentals
819% The second kind of assimilation, e.g. \arb[voc]{labi_tttu} for 854% \arb[novoc]{_t}, \arb[novoc]{d}, \arb[novoc]{_d}, \arb[novoc]{.d},
855% \arb[novoc]{.t}, \arb[novoc]{.z} in certain parts of the verb:
856% this kind of assimilation, e.g. \arb[voc]{labi_tttu} for
820% \arb[voc]{labi_ttu} \arb[trans]{labi_ttu}, will be discarded here, 857% \arb[voc]{labi_ttu} \arb[trans]{labi_ttu}, will be discarded here,
821% as it is largely condemned by the 858% as it is largely condemned by the
822% grammarians \parencite[see][i. 16 B--C]{Wright}. 859% grammarians \parencite[see][i. 16 B--C]{Wright}.
860% \end{enumerate}
861%
862% \paragraph{The definite article and the \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli}}
863% At the beginning of a sentence, \txarb{\char"0671} is never written,
864% as \arb[fullvoc]{'l-.hamdu li-ll_ahi}; instead, to indicate that the
865% \arb[trans]{'alif} is a connective \arb[trans]{'alif}
866% (\arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli}), the \arb[trans]{hamzaT} is omitted
867% and only its accompanying vowel is expressed:
868% \begin{quote}
869% |al-.hamdu li-ll_ahi| \arb[fullvoc]{al-.hamdu li-ll_ahi}
870% \arb[trans]{al-.hamdu li-ll_ahi}.
871% \end{quote}
872% As said above in section\vref{fullvoc-mode}, |fullvoc| is the mode
873% in which \package{arabluatex} expresses the \arb[trans]{sukUn} and
874% the \arb[trans]{wa.slaT}. \package{arabluatex} will take care of
875% doing this automatically provided that the vowel which is to be
876% absorbed by the final vowel of the preceding word is properly
877% encoded, like so:---
878% \begin{enumerate}[(a)]
879% \item Definite article at the beginning of a sentence is encoded\\
880% \arabluaverb{al-}, or \arabluaverb{a<solar letter>-}\\ if one
881% wishes to mark the assimilation---which is in no way required, as
882% \package{arabulatex} will detect all cases of assimilation.
883% \item Definite article inside sentences is encoded\\ \arabluaverb{'l-}
884% or \arabluaverb{'<solar letter>-}.
885% \item In all remaining cases of elision, the \arb[trans]{'alifu
886% 'l-wa.sli} is expressed by the vowel that accompanies the omitted
887% \arb[trans]{hamzaT}: \meta{u, a, i}.
888% \end{enumerate}
889% \begin{quote}
890% \textbf{Article}: |bAbu| |'l-madrasaTi| \arb[fullvoc]{bAbu
891% 'l-madrasaTi} \arb[trans]{bAbu 'l-madrasaTi}, |al-maqAlaTu|
892% |'l-'_Ul_A| \arb[fullvoc]{al-maqAlaTu 'l-'_Ul_A}
893% \arb[trans]{al-maqAlaTu 'l-'_Ul_A}, |al-lu.gaTu| |'l-`arabiyyaTu|
894% \arb[fullvoc]{al-lu.gaTu 'l-`arabiyyaTu} \arb[trans]{al-lu.gaTu
895% 'l-`arabiyyaTu}, |fI| |.sinA`aTi| |'l-.tibbi| \arb[fullvoc]{fI
896% .sinA`aTi 'l-.tibbi} \arb[trans]{fI .sinA`aTi 'l-.tibbi}, |'il_A|
897% |'l-intiqA.di| \arb[fullvoc]{'il_A 'l-intiqA.di} \arb[trans]{'il_A
898% 'l-intiqA.di}, |fI| |'l-ibtidA'i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI 'l-ibtidA'i}
899% \arb[trans]{fI 'l-ibtidA'i}, |'abU| |'l-wazIri| \arb[fullvoc]{'abU
900% 'l-wazIri} \arb[trans]{'abU 'l-wazIri}, |fa-lammA| |ra'aW|
901% |'l-najma| \arb[fullvoc]{fa-lammA ra'aW 'l-najma}
902% \arb[trans]{fa-lammA ra'aW 'l-najma}.
903%
904% \textbf{Particles}:---
905% \begin{enumerate}[(a)]
906% \item \arb[trans]{li-}: \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} is omitted
907% in the article \arb[fullvoc]{al} when it is preceded by the
908% preposition \arb[fullvoc]{li}: |li-l-rajuli|
909% \arb[fullvoc]{li-l-rajuli}
910% \arb[trans]{li-l-rajuli}.\\
911% If the first letter of the noun be \arb[novoc]{l}, then the
912% \arb[novoc]{l} of the article also falls away, but
913% \package{arabluatex} is aware of that: |li-l-laylaTi|
914% \arb[fullvoc]{li-l-laylaTi} \arb[trans]{li-l-laylaTi}.
915% \item \arb[trans]{la-}: the same applies for the affirmative
916% particle \arb[fullvoc]{la}: |la-l-.haqqu|
917% \arb[fullvoc]{la-l-.haqqu} \arb[trans]{la-l-.haqqu}.
918% \item With the other particles, \arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} is
919% expressed: |fI| |'l-madInaTi| \arb[fullvoc]{fI 'l-madInaTi}
920% \arb[trans]{fI 'l-madInaTi}, |wa-'l-rajulu|
921% \arb[fullvoc]{wa-'l-rajulu} \arb[trans]{wa-'l-rajulu},
922% |bi-'l-qalami| \arb[fullvoc]{bi-'l-qalami}
923% \arb[trans]{bi-'l-qalami}, |bi-'l-ru`bi|
924% \arb[fullvoc]{bi-'l-ru`bi} \arb[trans]{bi-'l-ru`bi}.
925% \end{enumerate}
926%
927% \textbf{Perfect active, imperative, nomen actionis}: |qAla|
928% |isma`| \arb[fullvoc]{qAla isma`} \arb[trans]{qAla isma`}, |qAla|
929% |uqtul| \arb[fullvoc]{qAla uqtul} \arb[trans]{qAla uqtul}, |huwa|
930% |inhazama| \arb[fullvoc]{huwa inhazama} \arb[trans]{huwa
931% inhazama}, |wa-ustu`mila| \arb[fullvoc]{wa-ustu`mila}
932% \arb[trans]{wa-ustu`mila}, |qad-i| |in.sarafa| \arb[fullvoc]{qadi
933% in.sarafa} \arb[trans]{qadi in.sarafa}, |al-iqtidAru|
934% \arb[fullvoc]{al-iqtidAru} \arb[trans]{al-iqtidAru}, |'il_A|
935% |'l-intiqA.di| \arb[fullvoc]{'il_A 'l-intiqA.di} \arb[trans]{'il_A
936% 'l-intiqA.di}, |lawi| |istaqbala| \arb[fullvoc]{lawi istaqbala}
937% \arb[trans]{lawi istaqbala}.
938%
939% \textbf{Other cases}: |'awi| |ismu-hu| \arb[fullvoc]{'awi ismu-hu}
940% \arb[trans]{'awi ismu-hu}, |.hunaynu| |ibnu| |'is.h_aqa|
941% \arb[fullvoc]{.hunaynu ibnu 'is.h_aqa} \arb[trans]{\cap{.h}unaynu
942% ibnu \cap{'is.h_aqa}}, |imru'u| |'l-qaysi| \arb[fullvoc]{imru'u
943% 'l-qaysi} \arb[trans]{\cap{i}mru'u \cap{'l-qaysi}}, |la-aymunu|
944% |'l-l_ahi| \arb[fullvoc]{la-aymunu 'l-l_ahi} \arb[trans]{la-aymunu
945% 'l-l_ahi}.
946% \end{quote}
947%
948% \subparagraph{\arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} preceded by a long
949% vowel} The long vowel preceding the connective \arb[trans]{'alif} is
950% shortened in pronunciation \parencite[i. 21 B--D]{Wright}. This is
951% does not appear in the Arabic script, but \package{arabluatex} takes
952% it into account in some transliteration standards:---
953% \begin{quote}
954% |fI| |'l-nAsi| \arb[fullvoc]{fI 'l-nAsi} \arb[trans]{fI 'l-nAsi},
955% |'abU| |'l-wazIri| \arb[fullvoc]{'abU 'l-wazIri} \arb[trans]{'abU
956% 'l-wazIri}, |fI| |'l-ibtidA'i| \arb[fullvoc]{fI 'l-ibtidA'i}
957% \arb[trans]{fI 'l-ibtidA'i}, |_dU 'l-i`lAli| \arb[fullvoc]{_dU
958% 'l-i`lAli} \arb[trans]{_dU 'l-i`lAli}.
959% \end{quote}
960%
961% \subparagraph{\arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} preceded by a diphthong}
962% The diphthong is resolved into two simple vowels \parencite[i. 21
963% D--22 A]{Wright} viz. \emph{ay}~→ \emph{\u{a}\u{i}} and \emph{aw}~→
964% \emph{\u{a}\u{u}}. \package{arabluatex} detects the cases in which
965% this rule applies:---
966% \begin{quote}
967% |fI| |`aynay| |'l-maliki| \arb[fullvoc]{fI `aynay 'l-maliki}
968% \arb[trans]{fI `aynay 'l-maliki}, |ix^say| |'l-qawma|
969% \arb[fullvoc]{ix^say 'l-qawma} \arb[trans]{ix^say 'l-qawma},
970% |mu.s.tafaw| |'l-l_ahi| \arb[fullvoc]{mu.s.tafaw 'l-l_ahi}
971% \arb[trans]{mu.s.tafaw 'l-l_ahi}.
972%
973% |ramaW| |'l-.hijAraTa| \arb[fullvoc]{ramaW 'l-.hijAraTa}
974% \arb[trans]{ramaW 'l-.hijAraTa}, |fa-lammA| |ra'aW | |'l-najma|
975% \arb[fullvoc]{fa-lammA ra'aW 'l-najma} \arb[trans]{fa-lammA ra'aW
976% 'l-najma}.
977% \end{quote}
978%
979% \subparagraph{\arb[trans]{'alifu 'l-wa.sli} preceded by a consonant
980% with \arb[trans]{sukUn}}
981% The vowel which the consonant takes, either its original vowel, or
982% that which belongs to the connective \arb[trans]{'alif} or the
983% \arb[trans]{kasraT}; in most of the cases \parencite[i. 22
984% A--C]{Wright}, it is encoded explicitly, like so:---
985% \begin{quote}
986% |'antumu| |'l-kA_dibUna| \arb[fullvoc]{'antumu 'l-kA_dibUna}
987% \arb[trans]{'antumu 'l-kA_dibUna}, |ra'aytumu| |'l-rajula|
988% \arb[fullvoc]{ra'aytumu 'l-rajula} \arb[trans]{ra'aytumu
989% 'l-rajula}, |mani| |'l-ka_d_dAbu| \arb[fullvoc]{mani 'l-ka_d_dAbu}
990% \arb[trans]{mani 'l-ka_d_dAbu}, |qatalati| |'l-rUmu|
991% \arb[fullvoc]{qatalati 'l-rUmu} \arb[trans]{qatalati
992% \cap{'l-rUmu}}.
993% \end{quote}
994% However, the Arabic script does not shows the \arb[trans]{kasraT}
995% which is taken by the nouns having \arb[trans]{tanwIn} although it
996% is explicit in pronunciation and must appear in some transliteration
997% standards. \package{arabluatex} takes care of this automatically:---
998% \begin{quote}
999% |mu.hammaduN| |'l-nabI| \arb[fullvoc]{mu.hammaduN 'l-nabI}
1000% \arb[trans]{\cap{m}u.hammaduN 'l-nabI}.
823% \end{quote} 1001% \end{quote}
824%
825% 1002%
826% \StopEventually{} 1003% \StopEventually{}
827% 1004%