aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/arabluatex.lua
AgeCommit message (Expand)Author
2016-05-18first implementation of \arbup viz. superscript tanwīn in |dmg| modeRobert Alessi
2016-05-08done implementing 'easy' rules setRobert Alessi
2016-05-08first implementation of 'easy' rules setRobert Alessi
2016-05-07force 'novoc' mode with abjad numbersRobert Alessi
2016-04-27license: upgrade from GPLv2 to GPLv3 --> arabluatex v1.1Robert Alessi
2016-04-27updated documentation on the new \abjad commandRobert Alessi
2016-04-26implementation of abjad numbering in Lua, so that polyglossia no longer be ne...Robert Alessi
2016-03-30added README.tex; cleaning upRobert Alessi
2016-03-30almost done. now tidy up thingsRobert Alessi
2016-03-22bugfix in fullvoc tables (tanwīn + connective ʾalif); still documenting...Robert Alessi
2016-03-20assimilations [Wright i §14 (b)]; no more euphonic tašdīd in novoc modeRobert Alessi
2016-03-11bugfix: quoting sukūn in fullvoc modeRobert Alessi
2016-03-04implementation of basic Arabic punctuationRobert Alessi
2016-03-04first implementation of \edtext commandRobert Alessi
2016-03-02pipe must be taken out in translit modesRobert Alessi
2016-03-02add \cap{} command; correct transliteration tablesRobert Alessi
2016-03-01implementation of loc transliteration tablesRobert Alessi
2016-02-29first implementation of transliteration tables (dmg)Robert Alessi
2016-02-26(re)define \LR{} command \AtBeginDocument{} in case luabidi is loadedRobert Alessi
2016-02-25add hamza + sukūn in fullvoc tablesRobert Alessi
2016-02-24first implementation of fullvoc tablesRobert Alessi
2016-02-22initial project versionRobert Alessi
ref='#n184'>184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564
--[[
This file is part of the `arabluatex' package

ArabLuaTeX -- Processing ArabTeX notation under LuaLaTeX
Copyright (C) 2016  Robert Alessi

Please send error reports and suggestions for improvements to Robert
Alessi <alessi@robertalessi.net>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
--]]

-- common

punctuationtr = {
   {a="%(%(", b="("},
   {a="%)%)", b=")"}
}

nulltr = {
   {a="%|", b=""}
}

-- cap
captr = {
   -- dmg (defaut); loc as well
   {a="ā", b="Ā"},
   {a="b", b="B"},
   {a="t", b="T"},
   {a="ṯ", b="Ṯ"},
   {a="ğ", b="Ğ"},
   {a="ḥ", b="Ḥ"},
   {a="ḫ", b="Ḫ"},
   {a="d", b="D"},
   {a="ḏ", b="Ḏ"},
   {a="r", b="R"},
   {a="z", b="Z"},
   {a="s", b="S"},
   {a="š", b="Š"},
   {a="ṣ", b="Ṣ"},
   {a="ḍ", b="Ḍ"},
   {a="ṭ", b="Ṭ"},
   {a="ẓ", b="Ẓ"},
   {a="ġ", b="Ġ"},
   {a="f", b="F"},
   {a="q", b="Q"},
   {a="k", b="K"},
   {a="l", b="L"},
   {a="m", b="M"},
   {a="n", b="N"},
   {a="h", b="H"},
   {a="w", b="W"},
   {a="ū", b="Ū"},
   {a="y", b="Y"},
   {a="ī", b="Ī"}
}

-- dmg

hamzatrdmg = {
   -- hard coded hamza
   {a="|\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="A\"'", b="ʾA"},
   {a="[au]\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="w\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="i\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="y\"'", b="ʾ"},
   -- hamza takes tašdīd too
   {a="''([Uu])", b="ʾʾ%1"},
   {a="''([Aa])", b="ʾʾ%1"},
   {a="''([Ii])", b="ʾʾ%1"},
   -- initial long u and i (for a, see below)
   {a="%'%_U", b="ʾU"},
   {a="%'%_I", b="ʾI"},
   -- taḫfīfu 'l-hamza
   {a="'u'([^uaiUAI])", b="ʾU%1"},
   {a="'i'([^uaiUAI])", b="ʾI%1"},
   -- madda (historic writing below)
   {a="'a'([^uaiUAI])", b="ʾA%1"},
   {a="'a?A", b="ʾA"},
   {a="(A)(')(i)$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(A)(')(i)(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   {a="(A)(')(i)", b="%1ʾ%3"}, -- historic madda
   {a="(A)(')", b="%1ʾ"}, -- historic madda
   -- initial (needs both ^ and %W patterns)
   -- 'aw: the diphthong is to be resoved into 'awi' (next 4 lines)
   {a="^('aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   {a="^('aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   -- then the 'initial' rules for the remaining cases
   {a="^(')([ua])", b="ʾ%2"},
   {a="^(')(i)", b="ʾ%2"},
   {a="(%W)(')([ua])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(%W)(')(i)", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   -- final
   {a="([Iy])(')(aN)$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([Iy])(')(aN)(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([uai]N?)$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([uai]N?)(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   {a="([UI])(')([uai])$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([UI])(')([uai])(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   -- middle
   {a="(U)(')", b="%1ʾ"},
   {a="([Iy])(')", b="%1ʾ"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ʾ%3"}
}

tanwintrdmg = {
   {a="%-?([uai]NU)(%s)([ui])", b="\\arbup{un%3}%2'"},
   {a="%-?uNU", b="\\arbup{un}"},
   {a="%-?aNU", b="\\arbup{an}"},
   {a="%-?iNU", b="\\arbup{in}"},
   {a="%-?iNI", b="i\\arbup{n}"},
   -- tanwīn preceding ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="%-?(uN)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="\\arbup{uni}%2%3"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="ạ\\arbup{ni}%3%4"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="ạ\\arbup{ni}%3%4"},
   {a="(T)%-?(aN)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="t\\arbup{ani}%3%4"},
   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1\\arbup{ani}%3%4"},
   {a="%-?(iN)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="\\arbup{ini}%2%3"},
   -- tanwīn preceding 'lla_dI/'llatI
   {a="%-?(uN)(%s)('lla[%_]?[dt])", b="\\arbup{uni}%2%3"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)(%s)('lla[%_]?[dt])", b="ạ\\arbup{ni}%3%4"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)(%s)('lla[%_]?[dt])", b="ạ\\arbup{ni}%3%4"},
   {a="(T)%-?(aN)(%s)('lla[%_]?[dt])", b="t\\arbup{ani}%3%4"},
   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)(%s)('lla[%_]?[dt])", b="%1\\arbup{ani}%3%4"},
   {a="%-?(iN)(%s)('lla[%_]?[dt])", b="\\arbup{ini}%2%3"},
   -- tanwīn + alif without hamza and kasra (ibn) or dhamma (uhrub)
   {a="%-?(uN)(%s)([ui])", b="\\arbup{un%3}%2'"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)(%s)([ui])", b="ạ\\arbup{n%4}%3%'"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)(%s)([ui])", b="ạ\\arbup{n%4}%3%'"},
   {a="(T)%-?(aN)(%s)([ui])", b="t\\arbup{an%4}%3%'"},
   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)(%s)([ui])", b="%1\\arbup{an%4}%3%'"},
   {a="%-?(iN)(%s)([ui])", b="\\arbup{in%3}%2%'"},
   --
-- {a="uN", b="\\arbup{un}"}, (now included in the last line of this table)
   {a="%-?(\"?At)%-?([ui])N", b="\\arbup{%1%2n}"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)", b="ạ\\arbup{n}"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)", b="ạ\\arbup{n}"},
   {a="(T)%-?(\"?aN)", b="t\\arbup{an}"},
   {a="([^TA])%-?(\"?aN)", b="%1\\arbup{an}"},
   {a="%-?([ui])N", b="\\arbup{%1n}"}
}

trigraphstrdmg = { -- trigraphs or more
   -- 'llatI / 'llad_I
   {a="^'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="'ll%1%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s])'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="%1'll%2%3"}, --p
   -- law: the diphthong is to be resoved into 'awi' (next 4 lines)
   {a="^(law)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   {a="^(law)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   -- al- + lām
   {a="^(a)l%-(l)", b="%1l-%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])(a)l%-(l)", b="%1%2l-%3"}, --p
   -- al- + solar consonant
   {a="^(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="%1%2-%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="%1%2%3-%3"}, --p
   -- assim. art. + solar consonant
   {a="^(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-", b="%1%2-"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-", b="%1%2%3-"}, --p
   -- al- + initial unstable hamza
   {a="^(a)l%-(\"?[uai])", b="%1l-%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])(a)l%-(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2l-%3"}, --p
   -- li-/la- + art. + initial unstable hamza is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-([uai])", b="l%1-l-%2"},
   -- al- + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="^(a)l%-", b="%1l-"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])(a)l%-", b="%1%2l-"}, --p
   -- diphthongs to be resolved before ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1u%2%3"},
   {a="(ay)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   -- art. with waṣla + lām
   {a="'l%-(l)", b="'l-%1"},
   -- art. with waṣla + solar consonant
   {a="'l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="'%1-%1"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + lām
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(l)", b="l%1-%2%2"},
   -- assim. art. with waṣla + solar consonant
   {a="'([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-", b="'%1-"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="l%1-%2-%2"},
   -- li-/la- + assim. art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="l%1-%2-%3"},
   -- art. with waṣla + initial unstable hamza
   {a="'l%-(\"?[uai])", b="'l-%1"},
   -- art. with waṣla + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="'l%-", b="'l-"},
   -- the silent wāw
   {a="uU$", b="u"},
   {a="uU(%W)", b="u%1"},
   {a="aU$", b="a"},
   {a="aU(%W)", b="a%1"},
   {a="iU$", b="i"},
   {a="iU(%W)", b="i%1"},
   -- words ending in -āT with silent wāw/yāʾ
   {a="(_a)UA", b="A"},
   {a="(_a)U", b="A"},
   {a="(_a)I", b="A"}
}

idghamtrdmg = {
   -- assimilations
   {a="(n)(}?)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%4%2%3%4"}
} 

digraphstrdmg = {
   {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])", b="%1'"}, -- hyphen + initial alif without hamza
   -- the following two are replaced with the 4 lines next for now
--   {a="^(\"?[uai])", b="%1"},      -- initial alif without hamza
--   {a="(%W)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2"},      -- initial alif without hamza
--   {a="^(\"[uai])", b="'"},      -- initial alif without hamza
--   {a="(%W)(\"[uai])", b="%1'"},      -- initial alif without hamza
   {a="^(\"?[uai])", b="%1"},      -- initial alif without hamza
   {a="(%W)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2"},      -- initial alif without hamza
   -- this is not necessary, take out for now:
-- {a="([%_]?[uaiUAIY])(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2'"}, -- initial alif without hamza
   {a="(aW)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="awu%2%3%4"}, --p
   {a="(UA)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="u%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="([^%_][uai])(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="(%_A)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="ạ%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="(Y)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="ạ%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="(%_a)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="a%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="(A)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="a%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="([%_]?[Uu])(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="u%2%3'"}, --p
   {a="([%_]?[Ii])(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="i%2%3'"}, --p
   -- ʾiʿrāb hyphen (begin)
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p?%s)", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p?)$", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p?%s)", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p?)$", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p?%s)", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p?)$", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p?%s)", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p?)$", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p?%s)", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p?)$", b="\\arbup{%2}%3"},
   -- ʾiʿrāb hyphen (end)
   -- shorten long vowels preceding ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(U)(A)", b="U"},
   --p (next 7 lines, just after %s)
   {a="(aW)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="awu%2%3"},
   {a="(%_a)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="a%2%3"},
   {a="(%_A)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="ạ%2%3"},
   {a="(A)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="a%2%3"},
   {a="(Y)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="ạ%2%3"},
   {a="([%_]?[Uu])(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="u%2%3"},
   {a="([%_]?[Ii])(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="i%2%3"},
   {a="%-%-", b=""},
--   {a="T([^uai])", b="%1"},
   {a="T(%p?%s)", b="h%1"},
   {a="T(%p?)$", b="h%1"},
   {a="_t", b="ṯ"},
   {a="%^g", b="ğ"},
   {a="%.h", b="ḥ"},
   {a="_h", b="ḫ"},
   {a="_d", b="ḏ"},
   {a="%^s", b="š"},
   {a="%.s", b="ṣ"},
   {a="%.d", b="ḍ"},
   {a="%.t", b="ṭ"},
   {a="%.z", b="ẓ"},
   {a="%.g", b="ġ"},
   -- the following needs to be moved above shortening rules
--   {a="(U)(A)", b="ū"},
   {a="WA", b="w"},
   {a="(a)W", b="%1w"},
   {a="_A", b="ạ̄"},
   {a="_u", b="ū"},
   {a="_a", b="ā"},
   {a="_i", b="ī"},
   {a="%.b", b="ḅ"},
   {a="%.f", b="f̣"},
   {a="%.q", b="q̣"},
   {a="%.k", b="k"},
   {a="%.n", b="ṇ"},
   {a="%^d", b="d́"}
}

singletrdmg = {
   {a="b", b="b"},
   {a="t", b="t"},
   {a="j", b="ğ"},
   {a="x", b="ḫ"},
   {a="d", b="d"},
   {a="r", b="r"},
   {a="z", b="z"},
   {a="s", b="s"},
   {a="`", b="ʿ"},
   {a="f", b="f"},
   {a="q", b="q"},
   {a="k", b="k"},
   {a="l", b="l"},
   {a="m", b="m"},
   {a="n", b="n"},
   {a="h", b="h"},
   {a="w", b="w"},
   {a="y", b="y"},
   {a="T", b="t"},
   {a="\"", b=""},
   {a="B", b=""}
}

longvtrdmg = {
   {a="A", b="ā"},
   {a="U", b="ū"},
   {a="I", b="ī"},
   {a="Y", b="ạ̄"}
}

shortvtrdmg = {
   {a="u", b="u"},
   {a="a", b="a"},
   {a="i", b="i"}
}

-- loc

hamzatrloc = {
   -- hard coded hamza
   {a="|\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="A\"'", b="ʾA"},
   {a="[au]\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="w\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="i\"'", b="ʾ"},
   {a="y\"'", b="ʾ"},
   -- hamza takes tašdīd too
   {a="''([Uu])", b="ʾʾ%1"},
   {a="''([Aa])", b="ʾʾ%1"},
   {a="''([Ii])", b="ʾʾ%1"},
   -- initial long u and i (for a, see below)
   {a="%'%_U", b="U"},
   {a="%'%_I", b="I"},
   -- taḫfīfu 'l-hamza
   {a="^'u'([^uaiUAI])", b="U%1"},
   {a="(%W)'u'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1U%2"},
   {a="'u'([^uaiUAI])", b="ʾU"},
   {a="^'i'([^uaiUAI])", b="I%1"},
   {a="(%W)'i'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1I%2"},
   {a="'i'([^uaiUAI])", b="ʾI"},
   -- madda (historic writing below)
   {a="^(')(A)", b="%2"},
   {a="(%W)(')(A)", b="%1%3"},   
   {a="^'a'([^uaiUAI])", b="A%1"},
   {a="(%W)'a'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1A%2"},   
   {a="'a'([^uaiUAI])", b="A%1"},
   {a="^'a?A", b="A"},
   {a="(%W)'a?A", b="%1A"},
   {a="'a?A", b="ʾA"},
   {a="(A)(')(i)$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(A)(')(i)(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   {a="(A)(')(i)", b="%1ʾ%3"}, -- historic madda
   {a="(A)(')", b="%1ʾ"}, -- historic madda
   -- initial (needs both ^ and %W patterns)
   {a="^(')([ua])", b="%2"},
   {a="^(')(i)", b="%2"},
   {a="(%W)(')([ua])", b="%1%3"},
   {a="(%W)(')(i)", b="%1%3"},
   -- final
   {a="([Iy])(')(aN)$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([Iy])(')(aN)(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([uai]N?)$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([uai]N?)(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   {a="([UI])(')([uai])$", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([UI])(')([uai])(%W)", b="%1ʾ%3%4"},
   -- middle
   {a="(U)(')", b="%1ʾ"},
   {a="([Iy])(')", b="%1ʾ"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([aA])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([uU])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([iI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ʾ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ʾ%3"}
}

tanwintrloc = {
   {a="%-?uNU", b="un"},
   {a="%-?aNU", b="an"},
   {a="%-?iNU", b="in"},
   {a="%-?(\"?At)%-?([ui])N", b="%1%2n"},
   {a="%-?([ui])N", b="%1n"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)", b="an"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)", b="an"},
   {a="(T)%-?(\"?aN)", b="tan"},
   {a="([^TA])%-?(\"?aN)", b="%1an"}
}

trigraphstrloc = { -- trigraphs or more
   -- 'llatI / 'llad_I
   {a="^'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="all%1%2"},
   {a="(%s)'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="%1all%2%3"},
   -- al- + lām
   {a="^(a)l%-(l)", b="%1l-%2"},
   {a="(%s)(a)l%-(l)", b="%1%2l-%3"},
   -- al- + solar consonant
   {a="^(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="%1l-%2"},
   {a="(%s)(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="%1%2l-%3"},
   -- assim. art. + solar consonant
   {a="^(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-", b="%1l-"},
   {a="(%s)(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-", b="%1%2l-"},
   -- al- + initial unstable hamza
   {a="^(a)l%-([uai])", b="%1l-%2"},
   {a="(%s)(a)l%-([uai])", b="%1%2l-%3"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + initial unstable hamza is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-([uai])", b="l%1l-%2"},
   -- al- + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="^(a)l%-", b="%1l-"},
   {a="(%s)(a)l%-", b="%1%2l-"},
   -- art. with waṣla + lām
   {a="'l%-(l)", b="al-%1"},
   -- art. with waṣla + solar consonant
   {a="'l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="al-%1"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + lām
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(l)", b="l%1-%2"},
   -- assim. art. with waṣla + solar consonant
   {a="'([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-", b="al-"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="l%1l-%2"},
   -- li-/la- + assim. art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsn])", b="l%1l-%3"},
   -- art. with waṣla + initial unstable hamza
   {a="'l%-([uai])", b="al-%1"},   
   -- art. with waṣla + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="'l%-", b="al-"},
   -- the silent wāw
   {a="uU$", b="u"},
   {a="uU(%W)", b="u%1"},
   {a="aU$", b="a"},
   {a="aU(%W)", b="a%1"},
   {a="iU$", b="i"},
   {a="iU(%W)", b="i%1"},
   -- words ending in -āT with silent wāw/yāʾ
   {a="(_a)UA", b="A"},
   {a="(_a)U", b="A"},
   {a="(_a)I", b="A"}
}

digraphstrloc = {
   -- discard the ʾiʿrāb hyphen (begin)
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p?%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p?)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p?%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p?)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p?%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p?)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p?%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p?)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)([uai])(%p?%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)([uai])(%p?)$", b="%2%3"},
   -- discard the ʾiʿrāb hyphen (end)
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2"}, -- hyphen + initial alif without hamza
   {a="^(\"?[uai])", b="%1"},      -- initial alif without hamza
   {a="(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2"}, -- initial alif without hamza
   {a="%-%-", b=""},
   {a="uww", b="ūw"},
   {a="iyy", b="īy"},
   {a="([tkdsg])(h)", b="%1'%2"},
--   {a="T([^uai])", b="h%1"},
   {a="T$", b="h"},
   {a="T(%W)", b="h%1"},
   {a="_t", b="th"},
   {a="%^g", b="j"},
   {a="%.h", b="ḥ"},
   {a="_h", b="kh"},
   {a="_d", b="dh"},
   {a="%^s", b="sh"},
   {a="%.s", b="ṣ"},
   {a="%.d", b="ḍ"},
   {a="%.t", b="ṭ"},
   {a="%.z", b="ẓ"},
   {a="%.g", b="gh"},
   {a="(U)(A)", b="ū"},
   {a="WA", b="w"},
   {a="(a)W", b="%1w"},
   {a="_A", b="á"},
   {a="_u", b="ū"},
   {a="_a", b="ā"},
   {a="_i", b="ī"},
   {a="%.b", b="b"},
   {a="%.f", b="f"},
   {a="%.q", b="q"},
   {a="%.k", b="k"},
   {a="%.n", b="n"},
   {a="%^d", b="d"}
}

singletrloc = {
   {a="b", b="b"},
   {a="t", b="t"},
   {a="j", b="j"},
   {a="x", b="kh"},
   {a="d", b="d"},
   {a="r", b="r"},
   {a="z", b="z"},
   {a="s", b="s"},
   {a="`", b="`"},
   {a="f", b="f"},
   {a="q", b="q"},
   {a="k", b="k"},
   {a="l", b="l"},
   {a="m", b="m"},
   {a="n", b="n"},
   {a="h", b="h"},
   {a="w", b="w"},
   {a="y", b="y"},
   {a="T", b="t"},
   {a="\"", b=""},
   {a="B", b=""}
}

longvtrloc = {
   {a="A", b="ā"},
   {a="U", b="ū"},
   {a="I", b="ī"},
   {a="Y", b="á"},
}

shortvtrloc = {
   {a="u", b="u"},
   {a="a", b="a"},
   {a="i", b="i"}
}

finaltrloc = {
   {a="ʾ", b="'"},
}